Mindblown: a blog about philosophy.
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Gastroparesis
A condition in which the movement of ingesta through the stomach is slower than normal. Delayed emptying of food from the stomach into the small bowel. Gastroparesis occurs acutely in patients receiving parenteral nutrition. It may also be a chronic complication of diseases marked by autonomic failure, such as diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, and…
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Gastrointestinal transit time
The time that elapses between food entry and fecal excretion of the residual nondigested food components.
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Gaseous products of digestion
Combustible gases produced in the digestive tract by microbial fermentation of food. Methane is the chief combustible gas in the ruminant. Hydrogen, carbon monoxide, acetone, ethane, and hydrogen sulfide are produced in trace amounts.
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Ganglioside
A cerebroside containing glucose and/or galactose and neuraminic acid (an amino uronic acid). One of a group of glycolipids found in the brain, liver, spleen, and red blood cells (they are particularly abundant in nerve cell membranes). Gangliosides are chemically similar to cerebrosides but contain additional carbohydrate groups. A particular class of glycosphingolipid present in…
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Galt
Gut associated lymphoid tissue; plays a role in the activity of the immune system.
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Galanin
A 30-amino acid peptide found in the neurons of the gastrointestinal submucosa. It can inhibit the release of somatostatin, insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, and neurotensin. It serves as a stimulator of food intake. A peptide neurotransmitter with numerous functions in the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. It stimulates gastrointestinal smooth muscle contraction and inhibits…
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Full liquid diet
Diet containing foods and beverages that are liquid at room temperature.
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Fructose metabolism
Fructose is converted to glucose after phosphorylation. Although two enzymes are available for the phosphorylation of fructose, one of these, fructokinase, is present only in the liver. Hexokinase can catalyze the phosphorylation of fructose. However, fructokinase is a much more active enzyme. Its activity is so high that, in fact, most of the dietary fructose,…
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Fructose intolerance
Inability to use dietary fructose; a rare genetic disease of fructose metabolism. Three hereditary diseases result from a mutation in one of three key enzymes of fructose metabolism: (1) fructokinase, (2) aldolase B, and (3) fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase. A mutation in the gene for fructokinase is characterized by elevated blood and urine levels of fructose. A…
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Fosinopril sodium
An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor; antihypertensive agent.
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