Mindblown: a blog about philosophy.

Glycosides from which cyanide is formed by the activity of hydrolytic enzymes. More than 1000 plant species from 90 families and 250 genera have been reported to be cyanophoric. The cyanogenic glycoside molecule consists of a monosaccharide (glucose) or disaccharide (vicianose or gentiobiose) and an aglycone in the form of a β-hydroxynitrile. The glycoside is…

A nucleotide consisting of cytosine (a pyrimidine), ribose, and three high- energy phosphate groups.  

Nonexperimental studies in which data on exposure as well as biological effects are collected at the same time. This kind of study is often used to describe the prevalence of certain exposures or diseases in a population. From an etiological point of view, an essential disadvantage of these studies is the problem of discerning effect…

The organ in which the critical concentration is reached first under specified conditions for a given population.  

The target cell/organ concentration at which adverse (reversible/irreversible) functional changes occur. These changes are called critical effects.  

The invaginations of the inner mitochondrial membrane.  

An immunologic response to milk consumption. Cow’s milk contains 30-35 g protein per liter. The main antigens are β-lactoglobulin, casein, α-lactalbumin, serum lactalbumin, and the immunoglobulins. β-Lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin are referred to as the whey proteins. Casein and β-lactoglobulin are the most heat-resistant. Cow’s milk allergy is most frequently seen in babies. In 10% of…

A plasmid into which the DNA sequences from bacteriophage lambda that are necessary for the packaging of DNA (cos sites) have been inserted; this permits the plasmid DNA to be packaged in vitro.  

A common type of cardiac surgery involving the use of the leg’s saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery to bypass blockages in one or more coronary arteries. A surgical procedure to transplant a blood vessel or blood vessels to the patient’s heart so as to carry blood for the heart muscle around (bypass) portions…

The openness of the coronary vasculature is evaluated using an infused radiopaque dye and X-ray pictures. An X-ray study of the coronary arteries after injection of contrast medium through a catheter.