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A ganglion associated with the mandibular nerve where it leaves the skull. A small ganglion located deep in the zygomatic fossa immediately below the foramen ovale. It lies medial to the mandibular nerve and supplies postganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the parotid gland.  

A condition in which the bony spaces become hardened as a result of persistent inflammation. Abnormal increase in bone density, resulting from a variety of diseases, including tumor formation, inadequate blood supply, or chronic infection. A rare hereditary disorder of bone formation characterized by an abnormal increase in bone density, which results in massive, fragile…

A malignant tumour of bone cells. Malignant bone tumor, most common in children and young adults in whom it often affects the femur, but also occurring in older adults and affecting other body sites. Pain and swelling typically mark the tumor site. Treatment is by surgery, usually amputation of die limb, followed by chemotherapy. Malignant…

A surgical operation to remove a piece of dead bone tissue.  

A disease of a group in which bones increase in density. Osteopetrosis is a rare hereditary disorder that is caused by a deficit in bone resorption and results in abnormally dense bones that are nonetheless fragile and brittle. The primary underlying mechanism involved in osteopetrosis is due to defects in osteoclasts, which are specialized cells…

A benign tumour in a bone. A benign bone tumor that may be found in any bone in the body and that usually produces a painless swelling. A surgical procedure may be necessary to treat the condition. A benign bone tumor. A cancellous osteoma (exostosis) is an outgrowth from the end of a long bone,…

A congenital condition in which bones are brittle and break easily due to unusual bone formation. Osteogenesis imperfecta is a genetic disorder characterized by bone fragility, which is caused by defective synthesis of Type I collagen. There are primarily four types of osteogenesis imperfecta that vary in their clinical presentation. The disorder’s clinical manifestations generally…

A bone disease, especially one caused by disorder of the metabolism. Abnormal bone development, encompassing bone defects observed in conditions like rickets, dwarfism, and similar disorders.  

A usually benign tumour occurring at the ends of long bones. A rare tumor of bone, caused by proliferation of osteoclast cells. A benign giant-cell tumor originating in bone that is considered non-threatening but has the potential to reappear after surgical removal.