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Specific proteins required to initiate synthesis of a polypeptide on ribosomes. Proteins that associate with the small subunit of the ribosome specifically at the stage of the initiation of protein synthesis.  

Taking a substance into the body. For example, the amoeba surrounds a food particle, then ingests the particle. The swallowing of food. The act of taking in food, drink or medicine by the mouth. The process by which a foreign body such as a bacillus is surrounded by a cell. The act of putting food…

Molecules containing information in the form of specific sequences of different building blocks. They include proteins and nucleic acids.  

An American trade association of companies involved in biotechnology. Formed in 1981, the IBA tended to consist of the larger firms involved in biotechnology. In 1993, the Industrial Biotechnology Association (IBA) was merged with the Association of Biotechnology Companies (ABC) to form the Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO).  

Enzymes whose rate of production can be increased by the presence of certain chemical molecules.  

Molecules that cause the production of larger amounts of the enzymes that are involved in the uptake and metabolism of the inducer (such as galactose). Inducers may be enzyme substrates. In chemistry, a compound that increases the concentration of another molecule; in molecular biology, something that facilitates the development of a gene.  

A substrate-induced change in the shape of an enzyme molecule that causes the catalytically functional groups of the enzyme to assume positions that are optimal for catalytic activity to occur.  

The governmental body in India that regulates all recombinant DNA research. It is the Indian counterpart of the American Government’s Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RAC).  

A permit by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to begin clinical trials on humans (of a new pharmaceutical) after toxicity data has been reviewed and approved by the FDA.  

Application to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) seeking approval to begin clinical studies of a new pharmaceutical. A drug available solely for experimental purposes intended to determine its safety and effectiveness and not yet approved by the FDA for marketing to the general public. Prescription of the drug is limited to those experts qualified…