Mindblown: a blog about philosophy.
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Carbohydrate Loading (Glycogen Supercompensation)
A process of nutritional modification that results in an additional storage of glycogen in muscle fiber up to three to four times the normal levels. Carbohydrate loading is a technique used to increase the amount of glycogen in muscles. For five to seven days before an event, the athlete eats 10 to 12 grams of…
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Capacitance Vessels
Another name for veins because of their distensibility, which enables them to pool large volumes of blood and become reservoirs of blood.
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Caloric equivalent
The number of kilocalories produced per liter of oxygen consumed.
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Caloric cost
Energy expenditure of an activity performed for a specified period of time. It may be expressed as total calo¬ ries (kcal), kilocalories or kilojoules per minute (kcal·min-1 or kj-min-1) or relative to body weight (kcal-kg-1-min-1 or kj-kg-1.min-1).
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Caloric balance equation
The mathematical summation of the caloric intake (+) and energy expenditure (-) from all sources.
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Beta oxidation
A cyclic series of steps that breaks off successive pairs of carbon atoms from FFA, which are then used to form acetyl CoA. Beta-oxidation is the metabolic process in which fatty acids in the mitochondria are oxidized, producing acetyl CoA, NADH + H+, and FADH2.
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Arteriovenous Oxygen Difference (a-vO2,diff)
The difference between the amount of oxygen originally carried in arterial blood and the amount returned in venous blood. The difference between the oxygen content of arterial and venous blood.
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Ammenorrhea
The absence of menses.
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Alveolar ventilation
The volume of air available for gas exchange; calculated as tidal volume minus dead space volume times frequency. The movement of air into and out of the alveoli. It is a function of the size of the tidal volume, the rate of ventilation, and the amount of dead space present in the respiratory system. It…
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Afterload
Resistance presented to the contracting ventricle. In cardiac physiology, the forces that impede the flow of blood out of the heart. The heart contracts against a resistance primarily composed of the pressure in the peripheral vasculature, the compliance of the aorta, and the mass and viscosity of blood.
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