Mindblown: a blog about philosophy.

When a bacterium is invaded by a phage, it may result in the creation of a lysogenic clone or subclone of descendants. However, lysogenization typically occurs some time after the initial infection, often after several bacterial generations have passed.  

A bacterium infected with phage, which is integrated with the bacterial genetic material. All progeny are likewise infected and have the capacity to produce phage (by occasional cells undergoing lysis spontaneously or after application of inducing agents, e.g. ultra-violet light). Lysogenic bacteria are not sensitive to the phage they carry.  

A living organism that exhibits the emergence of confined wounds upon injection with a viral agent.  

This is a method used to quantitatively determine the degree of infection caused by a pathogen. Typically, a sample of the pathogen, such as a suspension of bacteria or viruses, is inoculated onto leaves, and the number of lesions that develop is measured. The experimental unit used is typically a half-leaf, as the leaves of…

A structure resembling a peg, which results from the host cell wall’s growth in response to the penetration of a fungal hypha, and appears to be made up of lignin, as it encases the hypha.  

A methodology exists for gauging the potential of an organism to trigger a necrotic injury on plant material, specifically bean pods, by exposing it to a high dose of inoculum. However, it should be noted that this approach does not provide a reliable indication of the organism’s ability to infect in an actual field setting.…

The occurrence of withered and decayed portions of leaves, commonly located at the edges, is frequently caused by either the toxic effects of certain substances or a lack of essential nutrients.  

Curving of the leaf lamina, generally towards, and parallel with, the midrib.  

This passage refers to a type of anomaly that arises from a disparity in the development or expansion of the tissues composing a leaf. This can be observed, for instance, along either side of the midrib or in the palisade and mesophyll layers of the leaf. The distortion in these areas is a consequence of…