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The most distal aspect of the maxillary ridge, bilaterally. It may be used as a source of autogenous bone or for support of a prosthesis. The most distal protuberance of the posterior portion of the maxillary alveolar ridge that typically curves upward. A rounded eminence on the posteroinferior surface of the maxilla that enlarges with…

Infection in the maxillary sinus, either acute or chronic in nature, which can be caused by dental pathology, such as root tips, periapical lesions, overfilled endodontic material, and oroantral fistulae or openings, among others. Acute sinusitis is an absolute contraindication for surgery, whereas chronic sinusitis is a relative contraindication where implant and/or sinus floor elevation…

Underwood cleft. Anatomic spine‐like bony structure or web formation present in some maxillary sinuses. It may divide the inferior portion of the sinus into sections or loculi.  

The maxillary sinuses are usually fluid‐filled at birth. Pneumatization, or filling of the sinus cavity with air, takes place during the later phase of growth as the permanent teeth develop and erupt. Pneumatization can be so extensive as to expose tooth roots with only a thin layer of soft tissue covering them. Later with tooth…

Thin mucous membrane lining the sinus cavity and characterized by respiratory epithelium. Formerly called Schneiderian membrane.  

Developmental pathology characterized by the underdevelopment of the maxillary sinus. It is diagnosed radiologically by a centripetal opacification of the maxillary antrum. It may be congenital or a direct result from trauma, infection, surgical intervention, or irradiation of the maxilla during the development of the maxillary bone.  

Graft used to augment the vertical height in the maxillary sinus for implant placement. A particulate mixture of autogenous bone and a bone substitute is often used.  

Augmentation procedure for the placement of implants in the posterior maxilla where pneumatization of the maxillary sinus and/or vertical loss of alveolar bone have occurred. Autografts are often mixed with bone substitutes to increase the volume of the augmentation material or prevent graft resorption during remodeling. Two surgical techniques are well known and routinely used…

Antral floor. Inferior wall of the maxillary sinus, in relation with the maxillary roots of the molars and premolars, or the edentulous ridge.