Mindblown: a blog about philosophy.

Slang for any modification or alteration in the usual form of a dental prosthesis.  

The immune response mediated by the secretion of immunoglobulins (antibodies) produced by activated B cells (plasma cells) against antigens. Also known as antibody‐dependent immunity. The immune system response consisting of the soluble blood serum components that fight an infection (e.g., antibodies, complement proteins, cecrophins, etc.). Immune response maintained by antibodies; antigens stimulate the production of…

The human major histocompatibility complex composed of both MHC class I and MHC class II molecules, present in all nucleated mammalian cells. Primarily responsible for graft rejection between individuals. A very complex array of six proteins that cover the surface of leukocytes (and the bone marrow cells that produce leukocytes). These HLA are usually different…

A RNA virus that exists as two major types, HIV‐1 and HIV‐2. The genetic material is in the form of messenger RNA and is classified as a retrovirus. The targets of infection of HIV are primarily the T4 helper (CD4+) lymphocytes. A retrovirus that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in humans…

Often referred to as the basic color, hue is the quality of sensation according to which an observer is aware of the varying wavelengths of radiant energy. The dimension of color dictated by the wavelength of the stimulus that is used to distinguish one family of color from another, as red, green, blue, etc. The…

Small pit or groove formed by resorbing osteoclasts on the surface of bone undergoing resorption. One of several small pits, grooves, or depressions found where bone is resorbed by osteoclasts.  

A linear transformation of the original linear attenuation coefficient measurement into one in which the radiodensity of distilled water at standard temperature and pressure (STP) is defined as zero Hounsfield units (HU), while the radiodensity of air at STP is defined as ‐1000 HU.  

A unit of X‐ray attenuation used for computed tomography scans as a measurement of bone density. Each pixel is assigned a value on a scale on which air is 1000, water 0, and compact bone +1000. In computed tomography (CT), a number or value that represents the attenuation of x-rays through a voxel (volume element)…

Named after Sir Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield, it is a quantitative scale for describing radiodensity on CT images; however, due to the inconsistency of contrast, it does not apply to CBCT.  

A reaction of the host immune system directed against infectious organisms.