1.0Glossaryhttps://www.healthbenefitstimes.com/glossaryGlossaryhttps://www.healthbenefitstimes.com/glossary/author/adminglossary/rich600338<blockquote class="wp-embedded-content" data-secret="dfLJDsm4M4"><a href="https://www.healthbenefitstimes.com/glossary/gene/">Gene</a></blockquote><iframe sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" src="https://www.healthbenefitstimes.com/glossary/gene/embed/#?secret=dfLJDsm4M4" width="600" height="338" title="“Gene” — Glossary" data-secret="dfLJDsm4M4" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" class="wp-embedded-content"></iframe><script> /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(d,l){"use strict";l.querySelector&&d.addEventListener&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&(d.wp=d.wp||{},d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage||(d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage=function(e){var t=e.data;if((t||t.secret||t.message||t.value)&&!/[^a-zA-Z0-9]/.test(t.secret)){for(var s,r,n,a=l.querySelectorAll('iframe[data-secret="'+t.secret+'"]'),o=l.querySelectorAll('blockquote[data-secret="'+t.secret+'"]'),c=new RegExp("^https?:$","i"),i=0;i<o.length;i++)o[i].style.display="none";for(i=0;i<a.length;i++)s=a[i],e.source===s.contentWindow&&(s.removeAttribute("style"),"height"===t.message?(1e3<(r=parseInt(t.value,10))?r=1e3:~~r<200&&(r=200),s.height=r):"link"===t.message&&(r=new URL(s.getAttribute("src")),n=new URL(t.value),c.test(n.protocol))&&n.host===r.host&&l.activeElement===s&&(d.top.location.href=t.value))}},d.addEventListener("message",d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage,!1),l.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){for(var e,t,s=l.querySelectorAll("iframe.wp-embedded-content"),r=0;r<s.length;r++)(t=(e=s[r]).getAttribute("data-secret"))||(t=Math.random().toString(36).substring(2,12),e.src+="#?secret="+t,e.setAttribute("data-secret",t)),e.contentWindow.postMessage({message:"ready",secret:t},"*")},!1)))}(window,document); //# sourceURL=https://www.healthbenefitstimes.com/glossary/wp-includes/js/wp-embed.min.js </script> A segment of a DNA molecule coded for the synthesis of a single polypeptide; a unit of genetic information.Hereditary factor, unit of inheritance, a long strand of DNA.The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein.A natural unit of the hereditary material, which is the physical basis for the transmission of the characteristics of living organisms from one generation to another. The basic genetic material is fundamentally the same in all living organisms: it consists of chain-like molecules of nucleic acids—deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in most organisms and ribonucleic acid (RNA) in certain viruses—and is usually associated in a linear arrangement that (in part) constitutes a chromosome. The segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain. It includes regions preceding and following the coding region (leader and trailer) as well as intervening sequences (introns) between individual coding segments (exons).Located at various points along the chromosomes, genes are fragments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that carry the hereditary code. It is estimated that the human has approximately 23,000 genes, known collectively as the genome.Physical and functional unit of heredity. It is the entire DNA sequence necessary for the synthesis of a functional polypeptide or RNA molecule.The fundamental units of heredity. Composed of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and arranged in a characteristic linear sequence on chromosomes within cell nuclei. They determine the genotype of the individual.Biological units that contain hereditary information. A gene is a tiny segment of DNA. The chainlike structure of DNA is composed of intertwined strands; each strand has thousands of pairs of genes, which are arranged on 23 pairs of chromosomes.A determiner of a hereditary trait. Genes together make up the chromosomes.A unit of DNA on a chromosome which governs the synthesis of a protein sequence and determines a particular characteristic.Tiny part of a chromosome that controls one particular characteristic.Carrier of specific genetic code for a specific protein in the organism.Basic unit of inheritance, basic unit of genetic material made up usually of DNA; that part of a chromosome that is considered to be a single unit of heredity and that codes for the production of a specific polypeptide chain of a protein. In humans and many other animals genes occur as paired alleles. These gene pairs control hereditary traits and are located in the same position on a pair of chromosomes.The fundamental unit of genetic inheritance within a chromosome; a segment of deoxyribonucleic ACID (DNA) containing a sequence of biochemical information that determines a particular genetic trait. The sequence is called the genetic code. Each DNA molecule contains many genes and is located within the cell nucleus. Each gene contains the instructions to synthesize a specific protein that has a specific function. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) works as a messenger that carries the genetic instructions to a site in the outer cell where protein is manufactured.The basic unit of genetic material, which is carried at a particular place on a chromosome. Originally it was regarded as the unit of inheritance and mutation but is now usually defined as a piece of DNA or RNA that acts as the unit controlling the formation of a single polypeptide chain. In diploid organisms, including man, genes occur as pairs of alleles. Various kinds of genes have been discovered: structural genes determine the biochemical makeup of the proteins; regulator genes control the rate of protein production. Architectural genes are responsible for the integration of the protein into the structure of the cell, and temporal genes control the time and place of action of the other genes and largely control the differentiation of the cells and tissues of the body.Humans possess around 30,000 genes which are the biological units of heredity. They are arranged along the length of the 23 pairs of chromosomes and, like the chromosomes, therefore come in pairs. Human beings have 46 chromosomes, comprising two sex chromosomes and 44 autosomes, but there is also a mitochondrial chromosome outside the cell nucleus which is inherited from the mother.The basic unit of heredity, made of DNA, the code for a specific protein. Each gene occupies a certain location on a chromosome. Genes are self-replicating sequences of DNA nucleotides, subject to random structural changes (mutations). Hereditary traits are controlled by pairs of genes in the same position on a pair of chromosomes. These alleles may be either dominant or recessive. When both pairs of an allele are either dominant or recessive, the individual is said to be homozygous for the traits expressed by the gene. If the alleles differ (one dominant and one reessive), the individual is heterozygous.A segment of DNA located on a chromosome that codes for specific hereditary trait and that is passed from parent to offspring.The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring.A section of a chromosome that determines a single trait; the basic unit of heredity.A segment of the DNA molecule that carries physical characteristics from parent to child.Inherited characteristics that are passed on from parents to offspring.A fundamental unit of heredity, composed of a complex substance known as DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), encapsulating the blueprints for the synthesis of a specific protein. Every individual gene resides at a distinct position on a chromosome.A gene refers to a specific segment of DNA, the cellular material that regulates the physical traits, growth, and function of an individual. DNA exists as an extensive, chain-like structure in a cell's nucleus. Each strand is comprised of approximately 30,000 pairs of genes, organized on 23 pairs of chromosomes. Except for egg and sperm cells, all body cells contain identical sets of genes, as they all originate from a single fertilized egg through a process of cellular division.During growth and cell repair, cells divide, creating two identical new cells each containing a full set of genes. However, gametes, which are the cells involved in reproduction, undergo a unique form of division called meiosis. This results in each gamete containing only one gene from each pair, ensuring that each parent contributes half of the genetic material necessary for the formation of an offspring.Each gene has the role of controlling or impacting a specific trait or process within the body. Genes perform their function by guiding the production of specific proteins. Many of these proteins participate in the formation of bodily structures or the regulation of particular chemical processes. Some proteins are exclusively produced to influence other genes, either activating or deactivating them. These genes that create these regulatory proteins are known as control genes.The intricate process of development and growth is governed by the systematic activation and deactivation of specific genes. The functioning of control genes also dictates cell specialization. Within any given cell, certain genes are active while others are dormant, corresponding to the cell's specific function. For instance, nerve cells and liver cells will have different arrays of active and inactive genes. However, if the control genes become disrupted, cells may lose their specialized capabilities and proliferate uncontrollably. This is likely the mechanism underlying the development of cancers.Sometimes, during the formation of new cells, an error can occur in the duplication process, resulting in a mutation or change. This altered gene is then transmitted each time the cell divides afterward. Disorders that arise from these mutated genes are referred to as genetic disorders.A gene situated at a specific position on a chromosome can exist in various forms known as alleles. If the effects of a certain allele overshadow those of the allele located at the same position on its paired chromosome, that allele is classified as dominant. The overshadowed allele is considered recessive.A genetic element, numerous of which are organized sequentially within a chromosome, capable of passing on specific traits from one generation to the next. Instances of such traits include eye color, skin pigmentation, and blood types.