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Health benefits of American Basil

American Basil Quick Facts
Name: American Basil
Scientific Name: Ocimum americanum
Origin Africa, the Indian Subcontinent, China, Southeast Asia and wide range of regions in the Americas
Colors Brown to black in color
Shapes Capsule that remains at the bottom of the calyx
Taste Mild, sweet, and slightly minty flavor
Major nutrients • Vitamin K
• Vitamin A
• Calcium
• Iron
• Flavonoids
• Polyphenols
• Essential Oils
• Dietary Fiber
• Volatile Compounds
Health benefits Cardiovascular Health, Stress Reduction, Immune System Support, Pain Relief, Liver Health, Cancer Prevention, Diabetes Management, Eye Health, Bone Health, Skin Health , Weight Management, Oral Health, Blood Clot Prevention and Fertility Support
Ocimum americanum also called American Basil or hoary basil, is a species of flowering plant in the Lamiaceae (Mint Family). The plant comes from Africa, the Indian Subcontinent, China, Southeast Asia, and many places in the Americas, such as North America, Central America, and South America. It lives on Christmas Island, in Queensland, and in some places of tropical America. People often call these plants different names, such as Genovese Basil, Lettuce Leaf Basil, Lemon Basil, African Blue Basil, Spicy Globe Basil, Italian Basil, Cinnamon Basil, Purple Basil, Dark Opal Basil, Large-Leaf Basil, Emily Basil, Christmas Basil, and Mammoth Basil.

The word “ocimum,” which means “herb” or “plant” in Greek, is where the genus name comes from. It refers to the fact that herbs are what most people call plants in the Ocimum group. The name “americanum” for this species tells us that it comes from or is related to the Americas. What this means is that Ocimum americanum is a type of plant that grows in or is native to the Americas. The plant is often grown as an annual, especially where it is cooler. The leaves, which smell good, are used to add flavor to many foods, and the seeds can be used to make a cool drink. People pick the plant from the wild and also grow it in gardens. People use it as a spice to add taste to food and as an herbal medicine to get rid of colds, coughs, and headaches. It is also used in traditional medicine to deal with fevers, skin problems, and diarrhea.

American Basil Facts

Name American Basil
Scientific Name Ocimum americanum
Native Africa, the Indian Subcontinent, China, Southeast Asia and wide range of regions in the Americas including parts of North America, Central America, and South America. It is naturalized in Queensland, Christmas Island, and parts of tropical America
Common Names Sweet Basil, Sweet Italian Basil, Napoletano Basil, Lettuce Leaf Basil, Lemon Basil, Genovese Basil, African Blue Basil, Spicy Globe Basil, Italian Basil, Cinnamon Basil, Purple Basil, Dark Opal Basil, Large-Leaf Basil, Emily Basil, Christmas Basil, Mammoth Basil, Prospera Basil, Purple Ruffles Basil, Everleaf Basil, Lettuce Leaf Basil, Cardinal Basil, Boxwood Basil, Greek Basil, Ararat Basil, Persian Basil, Globe Basil
Name in Other Languages Arabic: Rayhan (ريحان), Al-rayhan al’amriki (الريحان الأمريكي), bazil ‘amrikiun (بازل أمريكي), hubaq ‘amrikiun (حبق أمريكي)
Assamese: Bon-tulasi
Bengali: Amerikan Tulsi (আমেরিকান তুলসি), Bharbari, Āmērikāna bēsila (আমেরিকান বেসিল), Kalo-tulashi
Chinese: Tián luólè (甜罗勒), Měiguó Luólè (美国罗勒), Hui luo le (灰罗勒), Cǎo líng zhī (草灵脂), Cǎo líng zhī (草灵脂)
Comorian: Sandzani, Kandza
Créole Maurice: Basilic
Créole Seychelles: Basilic, Toc maria
Cyrillic: Amerikanskiy bazilik (Американский базилик)
Czech: Bazalka
Danish: Basilikum, Amerikansk Basilikum
Dutch: Zoete basilicum, Geurige basilicum, Amerikaanse Basilicum, kamferbasilicum
English: American Basil, Hoary basil, Lime basil, Perennial basil, Thai basil, Thai lemon basil, lime basil, hairy basil, lemon basil
Filipino: Amerikanong Balanoy
Finnish: Amerikkalainen Basilika,  Basilika
French: Basilic doux, Basilic américain, Basilic à feuilles pubescentes, Basilic du Brésil, Basilic du Paraguay, Basilic de Cuba, basilic citron, Petit basilic sauvage
German: Süßer Basilikum, Amerikanisches Basilikum, Kampferbasilikum, Wildes Basilikum, Zitronen-Basilikum
Greek: Vasilikós (βασιλικός), Amerikanikí vasilikós (Αμερικανική βασιλικός), Amerikanikí vasilikí (Αμερικανική βασιλική)
Gujarati: American Basil (એમેરિકન બેસિલ)
Hebrew: Bazilikum Amerikani (בזיליקום אמריקני), Bazilikum (בזיליקום)
Hindi: Amerikan Tulsi (अमेरिकन तुलसी), Tulsi (तुलसी), American Basil (अमेरिकन बेसिल), Araṇyatulasī (अरण्यतुलसी), Acalcatimuli, acokatitacceti, ajaka, ban tulsi, bharbari, cenkolikam, civanmalai, cukantacuracaracam, intimalakam, jambira, kala tulshi, kattulay, kurai, mamri, nagad, naitulasi, putpakam, ramatulasi, thulasi, ticanam, vakuntikam, yaranimulli, Kali Tulasi
Hungarian: Bazsalikom
Indonesian: Selasih Amerika, Kemangi, serawung, selasih putih
Italian: Basilico dolce, Basilico Americano,
Japanese: Amai bajiru (甘いバジル), Futsū no bajiru (普通のバジル), Amerikan Bajiru (アメリカンバジル), Himebouki (ヒメボウキ), Raimu bajiru (ライムバジル), Taibajiru (タイバジル)
Kannada: Nagitulasi, Ramatulasi, American Basil (ಅಮೆರಿಕನ್ ಬೇಸಿಲ್), Nayitulasi
Korean: Botong baji (보통 바질), Bajil (바질), Miguk Bajil (미국 바질), hoebajil (회바질)
Malay: Selasih Amerika
Malayalam: Katturamatulasi, American Basil (അമേരിക്കൻ ബേസിൽ), Katturamatulsi, kattutulsi, kattu tritav, naikanni, Kattuthrithavu, Kattuthulasi, Kattu-tulasi
Malaysia: Selaseh, kemangi, ruku-ruku
Manipuri: Mayangton
Marathi: American Basil (अमेरिकन बेसिल), Ran-tulshi
Mizo: Runhmui
Nepali:  Baavarii,   Tulasii
Nigeria: Efinrin, efinrin out, efinrin wewe, eruyanntefe, eye obale efinrin
Norwegian: Amerikansk Basilikum, Basilikum
Odia: American Basil (ଆମେରିକାନ ବେସିଲ)
Oria: Gonga tulasi, Goda tulsi, Bantulsi, Kank tulsi
Polish: Bazylia
Portuguese: Manjericão Americano, Manjericão doce, Manjericão aromático, Alfavaca de vaqueiro, Manjericão, Manjerona, alfavaca-de-américa, alfavaca-de-vaqueiro, manjericão-americano, manjericão-branco
Punjabi: Amarīkan Tulasī (ਅਮਰੀਕਨ ਤੁਲਸੀ), American Basil (ਅਮੇਰੀਕਨ ਬੇਸਿਲ)
Romanian: Busuioc
Russian: Sladkiy bazilik (Сладкий базилик), Aromatnyy bazilik (Ароматный базилик), Amerikanskaya Bazilika (Американская базилика), Bazilik kamfornyy (Базилик камфорный), kamfornyy bazilik (камфорный базилик)
Sanskrit: Ajaka, Arjaka, Gambhitra, Kshudraparna, Gambhira, Vana-Tulasi, vanabarbarika
Sinhalese: Hintalla
South Africa: Kinuka, manhuwe,mniaywatwane (South Sotho
South America: Alfavaca,-campestre, alfavaca-de-cheiro, alfavaca-do-campo, esturaque, Garawa, remédio-dos-vaqueiros, segurelha Santa Maria, shara mashan, shara mashu
Spanish: Albahaca Americana, Albahaca dulce, Albahaca estadounidense, Albahaca velluda, albahaca velluda, albahaquilla,
Swahili: Basil ya Marekani
Swedish: Amerikansk Basilika, Basilika, Kamferbasilika, limebasilika
Tamil: Ganjam Korai, Kanjan Korai, Naitulasi, American Basil (அமெரிக்க பேசில்), Nāyttuḷaci (நாய்த்துளசி), Ganjamkorai, Nai-Tulasi
Tangkhul: Sari
Telugu: Kukkatulasi, American Basil (అమెరికాన్ బేసిల్), Vana tulasi  (వన తులసి), Kuppatulsi,kukkatulsi
Thai: Horapah (โหระพา), Maenglak, Kom ko khao, Maeng lak, Tu
Turkish: Amerikan Fesleğen,  Fesleğen
Ukrainian: vasylʹky syvi (васильки сиві)
Urdu: Amrikan Tulsi (امریکن تلسی), American Basil (امریکن بیسل)
Vietnamese: Húng quế, Húng Mỹ, Rau h[us]ng
Plant Growth Habit Aromatic, erect, hairy, herbaceous, annual or short-lived perennial plant
Growing Climates Open fields, meadows, grassy areas, roadsides, forests, forest margins, open woodlands, natural habitats, riverbanks, stream banks, plain areas, construction sites, agricultural fields, gardens, parks, wastelands, degraded deciduous forests, green spaces and transitional areas between forests and open spaces  
Soil Soil should be well-draining and fertile. American Basil prefers slightly acidic to neutral soil with a pH level between 6.0 and 7.0
Plant Size About 12 to 24 inches (30 to 61 cm) tall and around 12 to 18 inches (30 to 46 cm) wide
Root Taproot emerges from the base of the plant’s stem. The primary root extends vertically into the soil and serves as the central anchor for the plant
Stem Stem is solid and quadrangular. The corners are rounded and the 4 surfaces are depressed. The stem is covered with a short pubescence
Bark Does not have a true woody bark like trees or shrubs
Leaf Typically lance-shaped or elliptical measuring 2.5-5 cm am long and 1-2.5 cm wide, with serrated or slightly toothed margins. They are often aromatic and can vary in color from green to reddish-purple
Flowering season May or June
Flower Small, tubular flowers that are typically white or pale lavender in color. The flowers are arranged in clusters or inflorescences and are attractive to pollinators like bees and butterflies
Fruit Shape & Size Capsule that remains at the bottom of the calyx. Each contains a seed
Fruit Color Brown to black in color
Fruit Weight Less than 0.01 grams
Seed Elliptical, with a rounded top. It measures 1 mm long and 0.7 mm wide. The seed coat is smooth and brown
Flavor/Aroma Sweet and somewhat minty fragrance with hints of spice
Taste Mild, sweet, and slightly minty flavor with subtle hints of spice
Plant Parts Used Leaves, aerial parts
Propagation By seeds, stem cuttings and Division
Lifespan Up to 2 to 3 years, if protected from harsh winter conditions
Season August and September
Major Nutrition
  • Vitamin K
  • Vitamin A
  • Calcium
  • Iron
  • Flavonoids
  • Polyphenols
  • Essential Oils
  • Dietary Fiber
  • Volatile Compounds
Available Forms
  • Herbal Tea
  • Tinctures
  • Infusions
  • Topical Applications
  • Aromatherapy
Health benefits
  • Rich in Antioxidants
  • Anti-Inflammatory Properties
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Digestive Aid
  • Stress Reduction
  • Immune System Support
  • Pain Relief
  • Liver Health
  • Cancer Prevention
  • Nutrient-Rich
  • Anti-Aging Benefits
  • Respiratory Health
  • Diabetes Management
  • Eye Health
  • Bone Health
  • Anti-Diarrheal
  • Hormone Regulation
  • Skin Health
  • Weight Management
  • Oral Health
  • Blood Clot Prevention
  • Anti-Allergic Properties
  • Fertility Support

Plant Description

American Basil is a flat, hairy, herbaceous, annual or short-lived perennial plant that smells good and gets to be about 12 to 24 inches (30 to 61 cm) tall and 12 to 18 inches (30 to 46 cm) wide. The plant grows in natural habitats, open fields, meadows, grassy areas, roadsides, forests, forest edges, open woodlands, natural habitats, riverbanks, stream banks, plains, construction sites, gardens, parks, wastelands, degraded deciduous forests, green spaces, and areas that go from forests to open spaces. The dirt should be rich and drain well. If the pH level of the earth is between 6.0 and 7.0, it’s best for this plant. American basil has been used in traditional herbal treatment for a number of different reasons. Some people think it can reduce inflammation and kill germs.

Dried American Basil leaves can be used to make plant teas or infusions that are sometimes drunk to ease stomach pain. The leaves give off a nice, aromatic smell. If you want to add a nice scent to your yard or home, some people use American Basil. Some insects are known to stay away from the smell of American Basil. Mosquitoes and other pests can be kept away by putting American Basil plants outside or near windows. It can be grown in parks and as ornamental plants because the leaves look nice and smell good.

Appropriate growing environment for American Basil

American Basil also known as American wild basil, is a warm-weather herb that is relatively easy to grow. Here are the key elements of an appropriate growing environment for American Basil:

Roots

One main root, also called a taproot, usually grows from the base of the plant’s stem. This is how American Basil starts. The main root grows straight down into the ground and acts as the plant’s main support. From the main root, many secondary roots grow out horizontally and go in different directions through the dirt. It is these secondary roots that take in water and nutrients from the dirt.

There are tiny structures that look like hairs on the secondary roots. These are called root hairs. These tiny structures make the roots’ surface area much bigger, which makes it easier for them to take in water and nutrients. Parts of the root system that do the most work are the growing tips of both main and secondary roots. At these tips, cells divide and grow longer, which lets the root system get bigger and look for food in the dirt. To protect each root at its very end is a structure called the root cap. For as long as the growing tip is pushing through the dirt, the root cap protects it. It also helps the root get around things in the dirt that are in the way.

Stem

What’s on the outside of the stem is called the skin. It protects the inner tissues and might have very small hairs called trichomes on it. As you go down the skin, you’ll find a layer called the brain. This tissue is made up of parenchyma cells and stores water and nutrients. These are spread out along the stem and have xylem and phloem cells inside them. Phloem moves sugars and other organic molecules around the plant, while xylem moves water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

The pith is the part of the stem that is in the middle. It is made up of parenchyma cells and helps hold on to nutrients and support the structure. These are the stem points where flowers, leaves, or twigs connect. There are buds at the nodes, which can grow into new leaves or stems. Internodes are the parts of the stem that are between the nodes. They are different lengths and help the plant grow tall and have a good structure. If the American Basil plant is old enough and in the right stage of growth, you may also see side stems growing from the nodes. Leaves and flowers can grow on these stems.

Bark

This plant, American Basil, is an herb, so its bark is not really woody like the bark on trees or bushes. While herbaceous plants, like American Basil, have a thin, non-woody stem covered by an upper layer called the “periderm” or “cortex,” it doesn’t have the clear bark structure that woody plants do.

In growing plants like American Basil, the periderm, also called the cortex, protects the stem by giving it some mechanical support and shielding it from outside influences. It is mostly made up of layers of parenchyma cells, which aren’t designed to make wood and don’t have the lignin-rich tissues that you find in the bark of trees and shrubs.

Leaves

There are bright green, oval or lance-shaped leaves on American Basil. They have a smooth, slightly shiny feel to them. There are different sizes of American Basil leaves, but most of them are between 1 and 3 inches (2.5 to 7.6 cm) long. Most of the time, they are smaller than the leaves of some other types of basil. The leaves of American Basil are usually arranged so that they face each other on the stem. This means that two leaves grow from the same spot on the stem, but on different sides. This is a normal way for many plant species to arrange their leaves.

When you look at leaves, the top surface is usually smoother and shinier than the bottom surface, which might look a little rougher. The leaves are soft and herbaceous, and they are covered with fine, short hairs called trichomes. This can make the leaves feel fuzzy or silky. While leaves are usually green, the color can change based on things like age, light exposure, and the environment.

Flowers

The flowers of the American Basil plant grow in groups, which are called inflorescences. The outermost whorl of the flower is called the calyx. It is made up of five petals that are joined together at the base. The calyx helps cover the flower bud as it grows. The petals are generally green and may have small hairs on them. The whorl of petals inside the flower is called the corolla. Usually, the corolla is a tube-shaped structure with two lips. The five petals are joined together at the base, but they separate into two lips. Most of the time, the lower lip has three lobes and the upper lip has two. A lot of pollinators are drawn to the corolla, which is usually white to pale pink or purple in color. The male parts of the flower that reproduce are called stamens. Most flowers have four stamens that are grouped in pairs of different lengths. At the tips of these stamens are anthers, which make pollen.

It is the female reproductive part of the flower that is called the pistil. This part of the flower is in the middle and has an ovary, a style, and a stigma. The ovary is where the seeds will grow if the flower is opened properly. The style is a thin tube that goes from the ovary to the stigma. The stigma is where pollen lands and the flower opens. Many different kinds of insects, like bees, butterflies, and other workers, visit flowers. These pollinators can get to and be attracted to the flower because of the way the petals and pistil are arranged and the shape of the corolla.

Fruit

Most of the time, the seeds are only a few millimeters across and are dry. Due to their small, hard, and somewhat seed-like shape, they are often called nutlets. Each flower clump or inflorescence of American Basil usually has more than one nutlet. People usually describe the nutlets as round or oval, and they look a bit flattened. When compared to the plant’s leaves and flowers, they are pretty small. The nutlets are usually brown to dark brown when they are fully grown. You can tell the difference between ripe and unripe nutlets by their color. The nutlets feel like small seeds because they are hard and dry. When you think of fruits from many other plant species, you probably think of soft or juicy fruits.

Seeds

Some seeds are only a few millimeters long, which is very small. They have a smooth surface and are generally round to oval. Seeds can be any color, but most of the time they are dark brown to black, the same color as the seed coat.  What you see on the outside of the seed is called the seed coat or testa. Its job is to keep the inner seed cell safe from damage, drying out, and outside influences. There are different shades and types of seed coats, but in American Basil, they are usually dark brown to black and not very thick.

The embryo is the plant that is growing inside the seed. It includes the basic parts of the plant that are needed for sprouting and the first few days of growth. There is a very small embryo in American Basil seeds. It may have the embryonic leaves (cotyledons), the embryonic stem (hypocotyl), and the embryonic root (radicle).

Health benefits of American Basil 

American Basil, also known as sweet basil is a popular herb that is not only used to add flavor to a wide range of dishes but also offers several potential health benefits. Some of the health benefits of American Basil include:

1. Rich in Antioxidants

Flavonoids like orientin and vicenin, as well as essential oils like eugenol, are found in large amounts in American Basil. By getting rid of dangerous free radicals in the body, these antioxidants help fight oxidative stress. This can lessen damage to cells and lower the risk of getting long-term illnesses like cancer and heart disease.

2. Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Basil has chemicals in it, like eugenol, that are very good at reducing inflammation. Basil may help lower inflammation in the body, which may help people with conditions like arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and asthma.

3. Cardiovascular Health

Basil may be good for your heart in more than one way. Its flavonoids and other antioxidants can help blood vessels relax, blood move better, and blood pressure go down. Basil can also help lower cholesterol, which lowers the risk of heart disease even more.

4. Digestive Aid

Basil has been used for a long time to help digestion. Its essential oils can help break down food by increasing the production of stomach enzymes. This can help keep stomach problems like indigestion, gas, and bloating from happening.

5. Stress Reduction

Basil smells nice, especially when it’s used in essential oils or plant teas. It makes you feel calm. It can help clear your mind, lower worry and anxiety, and boost your mood in general.

6. Immune System Support

Basil has natural antimicrobial properties that could help fight diseases. It might help the immune system work well and keep dangerous pathogens, like bacteria and fungi, away.

7. Pain Relief

If you put basil oil on your skin, it can help with small aches and pains. Basil oil may help ease headaches and muscle strain by massaging it into sore muscles or temples.

8. Liver Health

According to some studies, basil may help the liver work better by speeding up the cleansing process. It can make the liver work better at getting rid of toxins from the body.

9. Cancer Prevention

Even though more study needs to be done, basil’s high antioxidant content may help keep cancer at bay. Antioxidants help stop DNA damage and the growth of cells that can turn into cancer.

10. Nutrient-Rich

Basil has a lot of minerals and vitamins that your body needs. It has vitamin K, which helps blood clot and keeps bones healthy. It also has vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, and magnesium, which are all important for different body processes.

11. Anti-Aging Benefits

Because they keep skin healthy and reduce the look of lines, antioxidants in basil may help slow down the aging process.

12. Respiratory Health

Basil’s essential oils can help people with asthma and pneumonia feel better. Inhaling steam from hot water with basil in it may help clear your sinuses and breathing easier.

13. Diabetes Management

Basil may help control blood sugar levels, according to some studies. This means that it might be good for people with diabetes. But more study needs to be done in this area.

14. Eye Health

Basil has a lot of vitamin A, which is important for keeping your eyes healthy. Getting enough vitamin A can help keep you from getting problems like night blindness and macular degeneration that comes with getting older.

15. Bone Health

A lot of vitamin K can be found in basil. Vitamin K is very important for bone health. Getting enough of it can help build bone mineral density and lower the risk of osteoporosis and broken bones.

16. Anti-Diarrheal

In some types of traditional medicine, basil plants have been used to treat diarrhea. Basil may help soothe the digestive system and ease the symptoms of diarrhea because it contains certain chemicals.

17. Hormone Regulation

Basil might help the body keep its hormones in check. Basil extracts may help keep hormone levels in check, which could help with conditions that are linked to hormone changes.

18. Skin Health

Basil’s anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits can help keep your skin healthy. Putting on basil oil or using skin care products with basil in them may help clear up your face, reduce acne, and soothe irritated skin.

19. Weight Management

Basil can be a helpful part of a plan to lose weight. It doesn’t have many calories or sugar, and the fiber in it can help you feel full and control your hunger.

20. Oral Health

Basil can help keep your teeth healthy because it kills germs. If you chew on basil leaves or use mouthwash with basil in it, it may help fight bad breath and keep your teeth healthy.

21. Blood Clot Prevention

Basil has a lot of vitamin K, which is important for blood clotting. It can help stop wounds from bleeding too much and speed up the healing process.

22. Anti-Allergic Properties

Basil may help people who are allergic, according to some studies. By stopping the release of histamines, it may help ease the symptoms of allergic responses.

23. Fertility Support

In some countries, basil has been used for a long time as an aphrodisiac and to help with fertility. Even though there isn’t a lot of scientific proof, it is thought to be good for sexual health.

Culinary uses of American Basil

American Basil is a versatile herb widely used in culinary traditions around the world. Its fresh, aromatic leaves add a delightful flavor and aroma to a variety of dishes. Here are some popular culinary uses of American Basil:

Different uses of American Basil

American Basil has a wide range of uses beyond just culinary applications. Here are some different uses of American Basil:

Side effects of American Basil

American Basil is generally considered safe when consumed in moderate amounts as part of a balanced diet. However, there are a few potential side effects and considerations to keep in mind:

References:

https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=517628#null

https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=402305

https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/OCICA

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocimum_americanum

https://portal.wiktrop.org/species/show/220

https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/230480?pos=

https://globinmed.com/medicinal_herbs/ocimum-americanum-l-r/

http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Hoary%20Basil.html

https://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Ocimum+americanum

https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1343

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