Fixed or removable devices fitted on the teeth by an orthodontist to improve the position of the teeth in the jaw. Orthodontic appliances are generally made of metal and plastic; some may be gold-plated. Ceramic appliances are made of a tooth-colored material that is less noticeable than standard metallic braces; they are durable and may be the most appealing option for adults who need to wear braces. Orthodontic appliances may be used to improve the appearance of the teeth or to correct disorders and abnormalities that may cause dental and oral health problems. The most common orthodontic appliances are dental braces and retainers, typically worm after the braces have been removed. The general functions of these appliances are to push teeth into proper position, to stimulate the teeth and jaws to grow properly, to help teeth achieve a uniform length, and to align the top and bottom jaws properly. They are also used to separate teeth and provide more space for overcrowded teeth, to bring separated teeth closer together, to prevent molars from rotating, and to maintain spaces between primary teeth so permanent teeth can grow.
Immovable or detachable apparatus, often referred to as braces, utilized to rectify malocclusion (an abnormal alignment of upper and lower teeth) or to realign teeth that are overcrowded or protruding. Typically installed during childhood and adolescence, braces shift teeth by applying consistent, gentle pressure.
In a fixed apparatus, brackets are affixed to the teeth, and an archwire is threaded through them and tightened to apply pressure. These are generally worn for approximately a year, after which a retainer plate might be necessary to maintain tooth alignment until tooth and jaw growth are complete.
Detachable devices, comprising a plastic plate with attachments that secure onto the rear teeth, are employed when correction is required for a single tooth or a small number of teeth. They exert pressure using springs, wire arches, screws, or elastic bands that are affixed to the plate.