Skeleton pathology distinguished by decreased normal bone mass and mineralized bone density; it is seen most commonly in the elderly.
A disease of bone that leads to an increased risk of fracture.
A disease in which bones become more fragile and are at increased risk of breaking.
A disease of bone that leads to an increased risk of fracture.
Degeneration of the bones with advancing age due to loss of bone mineral and protein as a result of decreased secretion of hormones (oestrogens in women and testosterone in men).
Increased softening of the bones, resulting from gradual reduction of bone density; common in older people.
A condition of porosity and decreased bone mineral density, defined as a T-score greater than -2.5 which indicates a BMD greater than 2.5 SD below the values for young, normal adults.
A reduction in bone mass, resulting in fractures.
An abnormal decrease in bone density: namely, a thinning and loss of calcium and bone substance.
Loss of calcium from the bone that results in reduced bone strength and increased fractures. The bone maintains the same diameter but becomes less dense.
A reduction in bone size resulting from a depletion of calcium levels in the body. Relatively common in postmenopausal women.
A condition in which the bones become thin, porous and brittle, due to low levels of oestrogen, lack of calcium and lack of physical exercise.
Weakening of the bone matrix in old people through depletion of minerals, leading to insufficiency of bone material.
A disease that causes bone density to be lost and bones to become so fragile that they break easily.
Disease in which the bone loses its mineral content and becomes porous; associated with aging, particularly in females lacking estrogen.
Osteoporosis literally means porous bone and occurs when bone loses its mineral mass (bone mineral content or BMC) and calcium concentration (bone mineral density or BMD) and progressively becomes brittle. It affects 25 million individuals in the U.S., 80 to 90% of whom are women, and causes 1.5 million fractures each year; among women over 60 years of age, this disease has reached almost epidemic proportions. Bone tissue is very dynamic in that it constantly undergoes cycles of resorption and deposition. Normally, peak bone mass is achieved between the ages of 18 and 25 years. After peak bone mass is reached, both men and women lose bone at a rate of 0.3 to 0.5% per year. At menopause, women experience an approximately 3% per year bone decline in bone mass for an average of 10 years, after which it returns to a rate of about 0.3% per year. The increased rate of bone loss during these years occurs as a result of lack of estrogen and subsequent bone resorption.
Weakening and fracturing of the bone due to decrease in the density of bone, resulting in pain, injury, and sometimes deformities; literally “porous bone.” This condition is generally seen in older people, especially women after menopause or hysterectomy (since calcium loss from the bones speeds up with decline in the production of estrogen). However, it is a condition that young couples should keep in mind for themselves and their children, because bone mass is built primarily in youth; later on it cannot easily be replaced, only the loss of bone slowed. Osteoporosis is also associated with some hormone disorders, such as Cushing’s syndrome; with some lung and breathing disorders, Such as bronchitis and emphysema; with lack of exercise; with smoking and alcohol abuse; with use of steroids; and with some ethnic backgrounds and body types, particularly tall, thin northern Europeans. Young women who exercise at such an extreme level that they stop menstruation are also at risk for bone loss. Pregnant and nursing women should be sure to take extra calcium, especially if they are under age 20.
Abnormal loss of bony tissue, causing fragile bones that fracture easily; pain, especially in the back; and loss of stature. The condition is common in postmenopausal women and also occurs in those immobilized or given steroid therapy for a long period and as a result of some endocrine disorders. Postmenopausal osteoporosis is sometimes treated with estrogen preparations.
Loss of bone structure when the rate of resorption exceeds new bone formation; results in demineralized bone that is at risk for fractures.
A decrease in the amount of bone tissue, producing brittle, fragile bones that can result in fracture. Causes include inadequate nutrition, menopausal changes resulting in a lack of estrogen, certain illnesses, and lack of exercise.
A bone disease, usually diagnosed in postmenopausal women, characterized by a decrease in bone density and bone tissue that is thin, brittle, porous, and more vulnerable to fracture.
Loss of bony tissue, resulting in bones that are brittle and liable to fracture. Infection, injury, and synovitis can cause localized osteoporosis of adjacent bone. Generalized osteoporosis is common in the elderly, and in women often follows the menopause. It is also a feature of Cushing’s disease and prolonged steroid therapy. The condition may be prevented by estrogen therapy in the menopause (this use of estrogens is controversial).
Loss of bone mass that occurs throughout the skeleton, predisposing patients to fractures. Healthy bone constantly remodels itself by taking up structural elements from one area and patching others. In osteoporosis, more bone is resorbed than laid down, and the skeleton loses some of the strength that it derives from its intact trabeculation. Aging causes bone loss in both men and women, predisposing them to vertebral and hip fractures. This is called type II osteoporosis (formerly “senile” osteoporosis). Type I osteoporosis (also known as “involutional” bone loss) occurs as a result of the loss of the protective effects of estrogen on bone that takes place at menopause.
Loss of bone mass that occurs through out the skeleton, predisposing patients to fractures. Healthy bone constantly remodels itself by taking up structural elements from one area and patching others. In osteoporosis, more bone is resorbed than laid down, and the skeleton loses some of the strength that it derives from its intact trabeculation. Aging causes bone loss in both men and women, predisposing them to vertebral and hip fractures. This is called type II osteoporosis (formerly “senile” osteoporosis). Type I osteoporosis (also known as “involutional” bone loss) occurs as a result of the loss of the protective effects of estrogen on bone that takes lace at menopause.
A reduction in the amount of bone mass, which can lead to breaking a bone after a minor injury, such as a fall.
Disease related to calcium deficiency in which bones become thin and brittle and fracture easily.
Decalcification of the bones, which can result from the lack of mobility experienced by individuals who use wheelchairs or mobility.
A condition in which bones become brittle and break easily due to loss of calcium.
An enduring state typified by the dissolving of minerals from the bone and a reduction in bone mass and robustness.
A condition observed in elderly individuals where there is a reduction in bone density, leading to increased fragility and susceptibility to fractures. This condition can be attributed to insufficient intake of vitamin D and/or calcium in the diet.
A disorder characterized by the deterioration of bone tissue, leading to reduced bone density and rendering bones fragile and prone to fractures.
Bone thinning is a natural aspect of the aging progression. Nevertheless, women are particularly susceptible to decreased bone density post-menopause, as their ovaries cease producing estrogen hormones that aid in sustaining bone mass.
Additional factors leading to osteoporosis encompass early ovarian removal, an inadequate calcium diet, specific hormonal irregularities like hyperthyroidism, prolonged usage of corticosteroid medications, and extended periods of immobility. The prevalence of osteoporosis is highest among heavy smokers, excessive drinkers, and individuals with very low body weight.
Osteoporosis can remain unnoticed for extended periods. Frequently, the initial indication is a fracture, commonly occurring at the wrist or the upper part of the femur (thigh bone) following seemingly minor trauma. One or more vertebrae might fracture spontaneously, causing bone collapse, height reduction, and potential discomfort due to spinal nerve root compression.
Osteoporosis is verified through bone densitometry. Employing a proper diet rich in calcium and engaging in consistent, prolonged physical activity can help mitigate bone loss, foster bone development, and sustain bone strength.
Bisphosphonate medications can be employed to avert and manage post-menopausal bone loss. Prolonged hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is typically recommended solely for women who are unable to undergo alternative treatments or for those in whom alternative treatments haven’t yielded success. Women who have experienced an early menopause prior to the age of 40 might receive advice to undergo HRT until the age of 50 as a safeguard against osteoporosis. For such cases, the perceived health risks associated with HRT are believed to be lower than usual.
Anomalous bone porosity. This results in fragility or softness of the affected bones, but their shape remains unaltered, and the condition is only detectable through X-ray imaging. This condition is associated with various diseases such as congenital osteoporosis, hyperparathyroidism, rickets, Still’s disease, syringomyelia, Cushing’s syndrome, and in bones that have been enclosed in plaster casts for extended periods.