In dentistry, usually refers to ionizing radiation. The energy that comes from a source of unstable atoms, which have excess energy, is then passed through tissue, producing charged particles called ions. These unstable ions are radioactive and become stable by release of energy, which can be in the form of electromagnetic radiation, such as X‐rays, or particulate rays, such as gamma rays.
(In evolution) development of several species from an initial colonial event, speciation.
Emission or propagation of electromagnetic energy (waves/rays), or the waves/rays themselves; a stream of electromagnetic particles (electrons, neutrons, protons, alpha particles) or a mixture of these. The most common source is the sun.
Loss of body heat through vasodilatation of surface blood vessels. Heat radiates from the body into the surrounding environment.
The development of several species from an initial colonising event, a form of speciation in which three or more species are formed, often quickly.
Rays from the sun, nuclear power, and equipment used in medicine, dentistry, and veterinary medicine.
Waves of energy which are given off by some substances, especially radioactive substances.
Energy waves that may be harmful.
Electromagnetic rays produced either naturally, as from the sun, or artificially, as from computers. Radiation has been linked with increased risk of cancer and acts as an environmental hazard in causing other kinds of health problems, including possible birth defects. It can also, however, be harnessed for useful purposes, as in X-rays, radiography, or treatment for some kinds of cancers.
Electromagnetic energy emitted in the form of rays or particles, including gamma rays, X rays, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, and infrared radiation. Some of these types of radiation are used in medicine for diagnosis (e.g., X rays) and treatment (e.g., radioactive elements such as radium, utilized in cancer treatment).
The emission of high-energy, penetrating waves used to diagnose and treat various medical conditions. In medicine, radiation generally refers to ionizing radiation, which produces immediate chemical effects on human tissue. Ionizing radiation includes X rays, gamma rays, and particle bombardment such as neutron beams, electron beams, and protons. Radiation is used as a diagnostic tool in the form of X rays. It is also used therapeutically to treat cancer in the form of X rays, cobalt, and radium.
Energy in the form of waves or particles, especially electromagnetic radiation, which includes (in order of increasing wavelength), gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet rays, visible light, and infrared radiation (radiant heat), and the particles.
Energy in the form of waves or particles. Radiation is mainly electromagnetic and is broadly classified as ionising and non-ionising. The former can propel ions from an atom; these have an electrical charge and can combine chemically with each other Ionization occurring in molecules that have a key function in living tissue can cause biological damage which may affect existing tissue or cause mutations in the genes of germ-cell nuclei.
Energy released in the form of particles or electromagnetic waves. Common sources of radiation include radon gas, cosmic rays from outer space and medical X rays.
Electromagnetic energy, encompassing light waves, sound waves, radio waves, x-rays, and heat rays, propagates through substances or traverses the vastness of space.
Radiation signifies the release of energy (such as electromagnetic waves) or particles from unstable atoms, transforming them into a more stable state. While certain forms of radiation can pose risks to living organisms, others like sunlight’s light and heat energy are vital. Even potentially hazardous radiation can serve positive purposes. For instance, in radiotherapy, the harmful effects of radiation on biological entities are harnessed to eradicate cancerous cells.
There are four primary categories of detrimental radiation: gamma radiation, X-rays, alpha particles, and beta particles. Both gamma radiation and X-rays belong to the electromagnetic wave group and are akin to more potent variants of light. The primary distinction lies in their origin: gamma rays stem from the natural disintegration of radioactive substances, while X-rays are generated using machinery. Particle radiation can arise from either the natural breakdown of radioactive atoms or from mechanical processes.
The majority of radiation origins are of natural origin. These encompass sources such as cosmic rays originating from space and radioactive minerals. In specific regions, a substantial contributor to ionizing radiation is the gas radon, which is present in soil, rocks, and construction materials. Artificial sources of ionizing radiation encompass X-ray devices, radioactive isotopes employed in diagnostics and therapies, as well as nuclear reactors.
Forms of radiation with lower energy levels, like ultraviolet light, have the potential to induce biological harm through means other than ionization. Sun-derived ultraviolet radiation, while not deeply penetrating the body, can still harm genetic material within cells, possibly resulting in skin cancer.
Additional forms of nonionizing radiation that individuals encounter include ultrasound, which is utilized in medical applications for diagnosis and therapy, as well as radio waves produced during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These techniques are generally believed to lack any negative repercussions.
The process of emitting or spreading outward from a central point, such as light; exhibiting a ray-like appearance.
In the field of neurology, it refers to a cluster of nerve fibers that branch out after departing from their point of origin.
The utilization of x-rays or radium for medical treatment, with deep x-rays being progressively substituted by the more penetrating cobalt bomb machine, resulting in enhanced effectiveness in disease treatment.