The laws of heredity, that are the basis of the science of genetics [Described 1865. After Gregor Johann Mendel (1822-84), Austrian Augustinian monk and naturalist of Brno, whose work was rediscovered by de Vries in 1900.]
Basic principles of inheritance, developed in the 19th century by the Austrian monk Gregor Mendel on the basis of breeding experiments, which form the basis of the modem understanding of heredity. According to the laws, each characteristic of a person is determined by a pair of units now known as genes. One unit (allele) of each pair is contributed by each parent, carried in the gamete (egg or sperm). At fertilization the alleles combine to form a unit that determines the characteristic in the offspring. Some units are dominant over others called recessives; some interact in other ways. These basic principles formed the foundation on which subsequent biochemical studies of genes and chromosomes were made, leading to the development of modem genetics.
Rules of inheritance based on the breeding experiments of Gregor Mendel, which showed that the inheritance of characteristics is controlled by particles now known as genes. In modem terms they are as follows.
The laws governing the genetic transmission of dominant and recessive traits. By carefully studying the heredity characteristics of garden peas, Mendel was able to explain the transmission of certain traits from one generation to the next.