Category: A

  • Adenoma

    A benign tumour from a glandular origin. An abnormal growth of glandular epithelial tissue. A benign neoplasm in which cells are derived from glandular epithelium. A tumor that resembles a gland in its cellular structure. A benign tumor formed from cells lining the inside of a surface or organ. Tumor of a gland or cancerous…

  • Adenocarcinoma

    A cancer originating in glandular tissue. Cancer of the glandular epithelium. A cancerous tumor arising from glandular tissue. A rare type of vaginal cancer and associated with women whose mothers took diethylstilbestrol (DES) during pregnancy. Malignant tumor of a gland, or tumor in which the cells form a glandular structure. A cancer derived from glandular…

  • Addison’s disease

    Is a rare endocrine disorder. It occurs when the adrenal glands cannot produce sufficient hormones (corticosteroids). It is also known as chronic adrenal insufficiency, hypocortisolism or hypocorticism. An endocrine disorder produced by cortisone insufficiency and marked by weight loss, fatigue, a darkening of the skin, anxiety, irritability, lack of motivation, and decreased social ability. Disease…

  • Adaptogenic

    Increasing the resistance of the body to stress. Helps the body adapt to stress and supports normal function.  

  • Acyl-CoA dehydrogenases

    A group of enzymes that catalyzes the initial step in each cycle of fatty acid b -oxidation in the mitochondria of cells.  

  • Activator protein-1 (AP-1)

    A heterodimeric protein transcription factor that regulates gene expression in response to a variety of stimuli, including cytokines, growth factors, stress, and bacterial and viral infections. AP-1 in turn regulates a number of cellular processes including differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis.  

  • Activating transcription factor (ATF)

    A protein (gene) that binds to specific DNA sequences regulating the transfer or transcription of information from DNA to mRNA.  

  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

    Adrenocorticotropic hormone (or corticotropin), a polypeptide tropic hormone produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. A hormone produced by the anterior part of the pituitary gland that stimulates hormone production in the adrenal cortex. A synthetic derivative of ACTH known as cosyntropin (Cortrosyn) is used for diagnostic testing of adrenal insufficiency, or Addison’s disease.…

  • Acridone

    An organic compound based on the acridine skeleton, with a carbonyl group at the 9 position.  

  • Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

    Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

    An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by…