Category: E

  • Externality

    A tendency of obese persons to be highly sensitive to food-related stimuli. In health economics, something that results from an encounter between a consumer and provider, which confers benefits or imposes costs on others, and is not considered in making the transaction (its value, the external cost, not being reflected m any charge for the…

  • External validity

    The extent to which conclusions of a research study can be generalized to other populations and settings, validity. Determines whether the results can be generalized beyond the study population. Internal validity is a prerequisite for external validity. If an association is not validly assessed for the population under investigation, it cannot be generalized to other…

  • External urethral sphincter

    A circular muscle near the base of the penis that opens during a normal ejaculation allowing semen to flow through the penis to the outside.  

  • External stimulus

    Any stimulus energy that is outside of the nervous system.  

  • External radiation

    The use of X-rays or other sources of radiation for the treatment of a disease, e.g., cancer. Used for curing or palliation: internal radiation.  

  • External qualities

    Those forces of the social and physical environments that act on the individual.  

  • External organizational diagnosis

    The process of examining all outside factors that relate to organizational effectiveness.  

  • External genitalia

    The reproductive structures visible by an external examination, internal genitalia. Genitalia on the outside of the body; includes the scrotum, testes, epididymis, and penis in males; and labia, clitoris, and urethra in females.  

  • External frustration

    Environmental obstacles to achieving goals and need gratification.  

  • External evaluation

    Evaluation of an agency, organization, or program conducted by people who have no significant attachment to the organization being evaluated.