Category: G

Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of glycosyl groups to an acceptor. Most often another carbohydrate molecule acts as an acceptor, but inorganic phosphate can also act as an acceptor, such as in the case of phosphorylases. Some of the enzymes in this group also catalyze hydrolysis, which can be regarded as transfer of a glycosyl…

The chemical or biochemical addition of carbohydrate or glycosyl groups to other chemicals, especially peptides or proteins. Glycosyl transferases are used in this biochemical reaction. Addition of oligosaccharide units (e.g., to protein molecules). The oligosaccharide units are linked to either asparagine side chains by N-glycosidic bonds or to serine and threonine -side chains by O-glycosidic…

Polysaccharide that is the principal form in which carbohydrates are stored in the body. Stored primarily in the liver and in muscle, glycogen is readily broken down to glucose when needed by the body. A carbohydrate made up of glucose. Glycogen is the principal form in which carbohydrate is stored in the body, the same…

A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter. A non-essential amino acid, chemically the simplest of the amino acids, it is amino- acetic acid, CH2NFI2COOH. Glycine is a nonessential amino acid synthesized from serine. Glycine, along with…

An enzyme catalyzing the oxidation of 2 moles of glutathione in the presence of hydrogen peroxide to yield oxidized glutathione and water. The general name of an enzyme family with peroxidase activity whose main biological role is to protect the organism from oxidative damage. A group of selenium- containing enzymes that protect tissues from oxidative…

A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throught the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from glutamic acid and ammonia. It is the principal carrier of nitrogen in the body and is an important energy source for many cells. A non-essential amino acid, the amide of glutamic acid. An amino acid;…

A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid (glutamate) is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. A non-essential amino acid. A dicarboxylic amino acid of the α-ketoglutaric acid family. A five-carbon amino acid with two carboxyl groups. Glutamate is the precursor of the neurotransmitter GABA. Glutamic acid also…

A pathological state in which the fasting plasma glucose level is less than 140 mg per deciliter and the 30-, 60-, or 90-minute plasma glucose concentration following a glucose tolerance test exceeds 200 mg per deciliter. This condition is seen frequently in diabetes mellitus but also occurs with other diseases.  

D-Glucose. A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement. The simple sugar made by the body from carbohydrates. A six-carbon monosaccharide sugar (hexose), with the chemical formula C6H1206,…

Polysaccharides composed of repeating glucose units. They can consist of branched or unbranched chains in any linkages. Soluble but undigested complex carbohydrates; found particularly in oats, barley and rye.