Category: H

Decreased tone of the gastrointestinal tract that impedes transit time.  

Drugs used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. They fall into several different categories depending on their site of action. Some stimulate insulin release, some improve the responsiveness of the insulin receptors on the adipocytes and muscle, and some downregulate gluconeogenesis. Some drugs have more than one site of action. Metformin, a biguanide,…

Red blood cells that are fewer in number and size and lack the normal amount of hemoglobin. Anemia characterized by a low number of small red blood cells that contain less than the normal amount of hemoglobin.  

Obesity characterized by an increase (above normal) in the size and number of adipocytes. Rapid and substantial weight gain experienced during childhood is marked by a notable augmentation in the quantity of adipose cells. This condition entails an excessive accumulation of fat cells in the body.  

An increase in the size of the red blood cell with a reduction in its oxygen-carrying capacity.  

Used in the treatment of chronic renal failure; produced by the replacement of an amino group with a hydroxyl group to decrease the nitrogen load in the body.  

A process resulting from the hydrolysis of glycerides to fatty acids and glycerol. It can be catalyzed by lipases (enzymes present in foods or originating from microorganisms), alkali, or acids. From a food safety point of view, hydrolytic rancidity has no important direct implication. Indirectly, how¬ ever, it may be involved in combined actions. On…

A thiazide diuretic that can be used as an antihypertensive agent. A diuretic drug used to treat high blood pressure and excess fluid retention. Hydrochlorothiazide increases the production or amount of urine by promoting the passage of sodium and water through the kidneys, thereby decreasing blood volume and forcing excess liquid and sodium out of…

A peripheral vasodilator that can serve as an antihypertensive agent.  

A metabolite in the pathway for the conversion of phenylalanine and tyrosine to fumarate and acetoacetate. An acid present in urine in alkaptonuria, a rare metabolic disease. A product formed during the metabolism of the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine. In normal individuals homogentisic acid is oxidized by the enzyme homogentisic acid oxidase. In rare…