Category: H

A quality control program (for food processing) to systematically prevent hazards (e.g., pathogens) from entering the production process. HACCP was initially developed in the 1950’s by the Pillsbury Company to supply food products for astronauts in America’s space program. Under HACCP, food processors/handlers must analyze and identify in advance the points where hazards are most…

Enzymes that are used to gently dissociate (i.e., break apart) cells in living tissues in order to produce single, separate cells that can then be established and propagated in a cell culture reactor. Harvesting enzymes are also used to dissociate cells that have been grown for some time in a cell culture reactor.  

A term used to describe the recovery of microorganisms from a liquid culture (in which they have been grown by man). This is usually accomplished by means of filtration or centrifugation. The procedure involving the extraction of tissues or organs from a donor and their subsequent preservation for transplantation purposes.  

A phase in the life cycle of an organism in which it has only one copy of each gene. The organism is then said to be haploid. Yeast can exist as true haploids. Humans are haploid for only a few genes and cannot exist as true haploids.  

Microorganisms that require NaCl (salt) for growth (they are called obligate halophiles). Those that do not require it, but can grow in the presence of high NaCl concentrations, are called facultative halophiles. Natural habitats containing high salt concentrations are, for example, the Great Salt Lake in Utah, the Dead Sea in Israel and the Caspian…

A section of highly curving, single-stranded DNA or RNA formed when a long piece (string) of the DNA or RNA bends back on itself and hydrogen-bonds (is able to base pair) in some regions to form double-stranded regions. The structure can be visualized by taking a human hair, bending it back on itself and holding…

A bacteria that has been linked (e.g., cause) to gastric ulcers and other gastric problems in humans. That link was first announced by Barry Marshall in the early 1990’s.  

A yoga text written in the 1300s whose focus is both the physical practices of hatha yoga as well as the meditation practices of raja yoga.  

Low blood pressure with values under 105/60 mm Hg. Low blood pressure, or a fall in blood pressure below the normal range. Abnormally low blood pressure that can cause lightheadedness, weakness, blurred vision, fainting, and unconsciousness. Reduced tone of the skeletal muscles. Hypotonia involves decreased tension of the fine muscles, making upright postures difficult to…