Category: S

  • Sucralfate

    Pepsin inhibitor that serves as an antiulcer drug. Oral tablet used in the treatment of peptic ulcer which is thought to work by actually binding to the ulcer site and coating it. The most common adverse effect is constipation. An antiulcer drug (Carafate) used to treat duodenal ulcers. Sucralfate works by forming a coating over…

  • Subunit bacterial toxins

    Compounds produced by food-borne microorganisms. To this group belong the toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum, which are a group of motile, gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming, anaerobic bacteria that are capable of producing neurotoxins. According to the toxin they produce, there are seven types and three subtypes of Clostridium botulinum: type A, subtype Af (A toxin); type…

  • Stress response

    Whole body response to physiological or psychological trauma. The predictable physiological response that occurs in humans as a result of injury, surgery, shock, ischemia, or sepsis. Stress Response, once known as the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), is the body’s adaptation (reaction) to stress. Regardless of the cause, the reaction to stress is psychological and physiological.…

  • Sticky-ended DNA

    Complimentary single strands of DNA that protrude from opposite ends of a DNA duplex or from the ends of different duplex molecules.  

  • Sterigmatocystin

    A carcinogenic mycotoxin that is primarily produced by Aspergillus versicolor and Aspergillus nidulans, although other molds (e.g., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus rugulosus, Bipolaris spp., Penicillium luteum) are also capable of producing sterigmatocystin. Sterigmatocystin is structurally related to the aflatoxins and is equally stable. It is a potent hepatotoxin causing bile duct hyperplasia in ducklings and hyperplasia…

  • Steer

    A castrated male bovine.  

  • Squelching

    The inhibition of the activity of a transcription factor by another transcription factor that competes with it for binding to DNA.  

  • Spliceosome

    A 50S to 60S particle containing snRNPs and pre-mRNA; it carries out the splicing reactions whereby a pre-mRNA is converted to a mature RNA. A multipart ribonucleoprotein complex within the nucleus of cells that splices exons and introns from pre-messenger RNA during the regulation of protein synthesis.  

  • Sphingosine

    An alcohol that forms the backbone of sphingomyelin. A lipid alcohol that is a constituent of sphingomyelin and cerebrosides. A long-chain base, C18H3702N, present in sphingolipids.  

  • Sphingomyelin

    A group of phospholipids found in the myelin sheath covering the nerves. A phospholipid that contains sphingosine, a fatty acid, phosphoric acid, and choline. Sphingomyelins are found in large amounts in brain and nerve tissue.