Category: S

The ergogenic potential of sodium citrate has received some attention for its possible effects as a buffer within the body. Consumption of 0.3 to 0.5 g per kg body weight (21 to 35 g in an average 70- kg adult) appears to produce a buffering effect on blood pH. Theoretically, this capacity may have implications…

Smilax is considered an anabolic herb due to its sterol content that provides testosterone-like effects according to manufacturers. Anabolic herbs are assumed to be converted in the body into anabolic steroids, and are most commonly used by bodybuilders and weight lifters. However, there is no evidence to support the conversion of plant sterols to testosterone…

Fatty acids with chain lengths of 2 to 4 carbons are considered short-chain fatty acids.  

S-adenosylmethionine is considered a chiefphysiological methyl donor.351 SAM-e manufacturers claim that it is beneficial for treating a wide range of ailments including depression, osteoarthritis, liver disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and migraine headaches. There are no known benefits of SAM-e supplementation for athletes.  

Although salt tablets are not as popular today as they have been in the past, some athletes still use them to replenish lost electrolytes and the organizers of some prolonged adventure races require their possession by competitors. The entry for electrolytes describes their importance for prolonged exercise; however, salt tablets are generally not considered necessary…

Compounds that elicit a sweet taste.  

A histone deacetylase inhibitor that may have anticancer activity. A sulfur-containing compound found in vegetables of the mustard family (Cruciferae). Like other isothiocyanates, it has been shown to prevent cancer in animals.  

Additives involved in idiosyncratic food intolerance reactions. Sodium and potassium bisulfite and metabisulfite are used in food products to prevent spoilage by microorganisms as well as oxidative discoloration. They are added, among others, to salads, wine, dehydrated fruits, potatoes, seafood, baked goods, and tea mixtures. Symptoms that may occur in sulfite-intolerant persons are airway constriction,…

When rats and some humans are fed sucrose-rich, low-fat diets, blood lipids, particularly triacylglycerols, increase. This is due to the fact that the fructose of the sucrose is metabolized primarily by the liver, and the product of this metabolism is triacylglyceride, which is then exported to the periphery for storage. In normal individuals, there is…

This is due to the fructose-induced increase in fatty acid synthesis. Adaptation can and does occur and the liver returns to its normal fat level. Not observed in humans.