Category: S

The fact that the effect measured is perverted due to the selection of the study subjects. This means that the association between exposure and disease in the study population differs from the association in the total population. Case-control studies are especially sensitive to selection bias. If subjects are systematically excluded from or included in the…

A compound such as glucose that stimulates the β cell to release insulin. This term refers to any compound that stimulates a secreting cell to release its product.  

A cabbage product made of thinly sliced cabbage and salt and allowed to ferment. Indulge in a culinary tradition cherished in Germany and the Alsace region of France sauerkraut, a delightful creation made from fermented cabbage. This beloved dish is often enjoyed alongside sausages, creating a harmonious pairing of flavors. Sauerkraut, known as choucroute in…

A blood-borne factor that serves as an appetite suppressant.  

Loss of skeletal muscle mass with aging, accompanied by fatty infiltration of the muscle. Loss of muscular mass and strength, especially in striated muscles. Sarcopenia commonly occurs with aging as a result of the combined effects of changes in exercise, nutrition, and hormonal activation of muscles (e.g., by growth and steroid hormones). Sarcopenia means loss…

A methylenedioxyphenyl substance. Safrole is one of the natural and synthetic flavoring agents. Sassafras, containing high levels of safrole, used to be added to sarsaparilla root beer. Safrole is still present in the diet as a (minor) component of various herbs and spices, for example, cloves. Safrole and related substances have been shown to be…

Vision which cannot be corrected with ordinary ophthalmic lenses well enough so the person can perform every-day visual tasks, but which is not so poor as to qualify the person as legally blind; usually considered to be in the range from about 20/50 to 20/200. A person is considered legally blind if the corrected visual…

The difference in stimulus effectiveness (brightness) of two pencils of light incident on the same retinal point, one passing through the center of the pupil and the other passing through an eccentric part of the pupil, the central pencil producing a more intense response.    

Method of determining the topography of the cornea by means of a stereoscopic photographic technique, similar to the technique used in making contour maps.  

Method of making optical computations in which vergence of light is calculated separately for each surface impinged upon by the light, rather than by making use of a formula.