Within a specific area, the total of all living organisms and their interaction with each other and with their habitat and environment.
A dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities and their non-living environment interacting as a functional unit.
A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
The study of the relationship between organisms and their environments.
A defined portion of the environment (e.g. lake, tundra, desert), including all its living organisms.
A community of living things and the nonliving parts of the community’s environment.
The intricate interplay of flora, fauna, and abiotic elements within a given ecological habitat.