Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) refers to the amount of energy required by an individual to sustain cell metabolism, support muscular activity, and facilitate growth. This energy is sourced from the chemical breakdown of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins obtained through the diet, as well as from stored nutrients present in the liver, muscles, and adipose tissue.
Energy is essential to sustain vital functions like the heartbeat, lung function, and maintaining a constant body temperature. The rate at which these processes consume energy while the body is at rest is known as the basal metabolic rate (BMR). Any additional activities, such as movement, food digestion, and absorption, elevate the energy expenditure beyond the BMR.
The energy needs of an individual rise during periods of growth, pregnancy, and breastfeeding.
If the body receives more energy through food than it utilizes, the excess energy is stored, often leading to weight gain. Conversely, when the energy intake is less than the energy expended, the body typically loses weight as it utilizes the stored energy reserves.