A thorough examination of the ear may be conducted to explore potential reasons for symptoms such as earache, ear discharge, hearing impairment, a sensation of fullness in the ear, balance disturbances, tinnitus (ringing or noises in the ear), or swelling of lymph nodes below or in front of the ear.
The doctor initiates the examination by inspecting the pinna, which is the visible outer part of the ear, for signs of swelling, tenderness, ulceration, or deformity. To examine the ear canal and eardrum, they may employ an otoscope, which is a viewing instrument specifically designed for this purpose.
To capture images of the middle and inner ears, the medical practitioner may employ X-rays, CT scanning, or MRI techniques, which provide cross-sectional or three-dimensional images of bodily structures. Evaluating hearing and balance can be achieved through hearing tests or caloric tests. Additionally, for balance assessment, a technique called electronystagmography is used, which involves observing eye movements as water is introduced into the ear.