Exstrophy of the bladder

An uncommon birth defect in which the bladder and urethra are turned inside out and are open to the outside of the body through a space in the lower abdominal wall. The bones of the pelvis are also separated. To reduce the risk of kidney infection and damage to the bladder lining, surgery to repair the defect is usually performed within 48 hours of birth. During surgery, the bladder is separated from the wall of the abdomen and closed. The urethra may be reconstructed at this time or closed in a second surgery. The pelvic bones may be repaired at the same time or in a later surgery. Follow-up operations are often needed, depending on the severity of the defect and associated problems.


Congenital eversion of the urinary bladder. The abdominal wall fails to close and the inside of the bladder may protrude through the abdominal wall.


This refers to an uncommon congenital defect where the bladder is inverted and opens externally through a gap in the lower part of the abdominal wall. Usually, other abnormalities are also present, such as epispadias in males (where the urethra’s opening is on the upper surface of the penis), and a condition where the pubic bones fail to connect at the front. If not treated, a child with this condition will continually leak urine.


The surgical treatment includes the reconstruction of the bladder and the closure of the abdominal wall. If the bladder is extremely small, it may be removed and the urine rerouted.


 


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