Introduction of genes into cells. The viral particle binds to specific cellular receptors and is taken up by endocytosis. Acidification of the endosome results in release to the cytoplasm and partial disassembly of the viral particle. Transport through the nuclear pore is by viral proteins. Once in the nucleus, the DNA remains extrachromosomal, and transcription and translation are by the host cell’s own protein synthetic machinery.
Removal of a gene from one organism and its insertion into another.