Directed modification of the gene complement of a living organism by such techniques as altering the DNA, substituting genetic material by means of a virus, transplanting whole nuclei, transplanting cell hybrids, etc.
The selective, deliberate alteration of genes (genetic material) by man. This term has come to have a very broad meaning including the manipulation and alteration of the genetic material (constitution) of an organism in such a way as to allow it to produce endogenous proteins with properties different from those of the normal, or to produce entirely different (foreign) proteins altogether. Other words applicable to the same process are gene splicing, gene manipulation, or recombinant DNA technology (techniques).
The science that studies ways surgical, physical, chemical, radiation to alter the molecular structure of genetic material.
Process of altering and controlling the genetic makeup of an organism through manipulation and recombination of the genetic material deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
Alteration of an organism’s hereditary material to eliminate undesirable characteristics or to create desirable new ones. Examples of genetic engineering include selective breeding of plants and animals and the creation of hybrids by combining elements of different strains or species to create new ones. Genetic engineering is used to increase food production, to produce vaccines and other drugs, and to help eliminate industrial waste.
The purposeful manipulation of an organism’s genetic material. Genetic engineering may be done at the molecular level by advanced technologies. It has also been done for centuries by selective breeding and other means of artificial selection, such as destruction of unwanted individuals so that they would not reproduce.
Genetic engineering, or recombinant DNA technology, is the process of changing the genetic material of a cell. Genes from one cell for example, a human cell can be inserted into another cell, usually a bacterium, and made to function. It is now possible to insert the gene responsible for the production of human insulin, human growth hormone and interferon from a human cell into a bacterium. Segments of DNA for insertion can be prepared by breaking long chains into smaller pieces by the use of restriction enzymes. The segments are then inserted into the affecting organism by using plasmids and bacteriophages. Plasmids are small packets of DNA that are found within bacteria and can be passed from one bacterium to another. Already genetic engineering.
The synthesis, alteration, replacement, or repair of genetic material by artificial means.
A discipline of engineering that focuses on the manipulation of genetic material through technical methods.
Genetic engineering is a field of genetics that focuses on modifying an organism’s genetic material to achieve specific changes in its characteristics. It has primarily been utilized to produce a wide range of substances in large quantities that are beneficial in the field of medicine.
First, a gene that encodes a valuable protein is pinpointed and separated. Next, this gene is inserted into “host” cells, typically bacteria or yeast, resulting in modified DNA known as recombinant DNA. The host cells rapidly reproduce, forming a colony that contains the desired gene, and this colony produces the protein in substantial quantities. This technique is utilized to manufacture important human hormones like insulin and growth hormone, as well as proteins such as factor VIII, which is used to treat hemophilia. Moreover, genetic engineering finds application in gene therapy.