The unusual development of breasts in a male.
Gynecomastia is the medical term for the enlargement of one or both breasts in men or boys. This condition can be attributed to an overabundance of the female sex hormone estrogen.
Mild and temporary gynecomastia may develop in boys at birth due to the presence of maternal hormones. Additionally, this condition is also commonly observed during puberty.
Gynecomastia that develops later in life can be attributed to chronic liver diseases like cirrhosis, where the liver becomes incapable of metabolizing estrogen effectively. Additionally, hormone-secreting tumors, such as those in the pituitary or testicles, can also play a role in causing this condition.
Adult gynecomastia, occasionally affecting only one breast, can result from the use of synthetic hormones and certain medications, such as digoxin, spironolactone, and cimetidine, disrupting the balance of sex hormones. In very rare cases, a distinct lump developing in one breast could be indicative of male breast cancer.
The investigation process may include conducting blood tests. When there is suspicion of cancer, a biopsy, involving the removal of the lump or a tissue sample for analysis, will be carried out.
The treatment approach depends on the underlying cause. If a medication is causing the condition, an alternative will be prescribed if feasible. When there is no underlying disease, the swelling typically resolves over time. In severe cases, cosmetic surgery may be considered as an option for management.