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  • Bladder infection

    An infection of the lower urinary tract, typically caused by gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, or Pseudomonas and occasionally caused by gram-positive bacteria such as the enterococci.  

  • Nervous bladder

    A condition marked by the repeated desire to urinate, but doing so fails to empty the bladder.  

  • Motor paralytic bladder

    A neurogenic bladder caused by defective nerve supply to the bladder. In the acute form urination is not possible. In the chronic form there is difficulty in urinating, which may lead to recurrent urinary tract infections.  

  • Hypertonic bladder

    A bladder with excessive muscle tone.  

  • Cord bladder

    Distention of the bladder without discomfort. Symptoms include a tendency to void frequently and dribbling after urination. The condition is caused by a lesion affecting the posterior roots of the spinal column at the level of bladder innervation above the sacrum.  

  • Autonomous bladder

    A bladder in which there is interruption in both the afferent and efferent limbs of the reflex arcs. Bladder sensation is absent; dribbling is constant; residual urine amount is large.  

  • Atony of bladder

    Inability to urinate due to lack of muscle tone. It is frequently seen after traumatic deliveries or after the use of epidural anesthesia.  

  • Alcoholic blackout

    An episode of forgetting all or part of what occurred during or following a period of alcohol intake.  

  • Black membrane

    An artificially constructed membrane artificially constructed membrane made of lipids arranged in a bilayer.  

  • Black box warning

    A written advisory supplied by a pharmaceutical company to health care professionals whenever a medication causes any serious side effects). Under U.S. federal regulations, this advisory is mandatory and must be highlighted by “a prominently displayed box.”  

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