Mindblown: a blog about philosophy.

The process of supplying, treating, or mixing with oxygen. No:1245 – oxygenation the process of supplying, treating, or mixing with oxygen. The fact of becoming combined or filled with oxygen. Saturation or combination with oxygen, as the aeration of the blood in the lungs.  

Enzyme which breaks down heme, the iron-containing oxygen-carrying constituent of the red blood cells. An enzyme catalyzing a reaction in which oxygen is introduced into an acceptor molecule. An enzyme that enables an organism to use atmospheric oxygen in respiration.  

The oxygen consumption is determined by calculating the difference between the amount of oxygen inhaled and exhaled. The amount or volume of oxygen taken up, transported, and used at the cellular level. The amount of oxygen utilized by the body, expressed in liters per minute, oxygen uptake. Rate at which oxygen is used to produce…

A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi). The cellular damage caused by oxygen-derived free radical formation. The three most important are superoxide (02 ), hydrogen peroxide (H202),…

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982,). A chemical reaction in which the…

Oxidizing agents or electron-accepting molecules in chemical reactions in which electrons are transferred from one molecule to another (oxidation-reduction). In vivo, it appears that phagocyte-generated oxidants function as tumor promoters or cocarcinogens rather than as complete carcinogens perhaps because of the high levels of endogenous antioxidant defenses. It is also thought that oxidative damage in…

A female germ cell extruded from the ovary at ovulation. The egg cell produced by a female, one of over a million in each of the two ovaries at birth. Normally, only one ovum is fully matured and released each month, in the process called ovulation. If a sperm (male sex cell) unites with the…

Pertaining to or of the nature of osmosis (= the passage of pure solvent from a solution of lesser to one of greater solute concentration when the two solutions are separated by a membrane which selectively prevents the passage of solute molecules, but is permeable to the solvent).  

Tendency of fluids (e.g., water) to move from the less concentrated to the more concentrated side of a semipermeable membrane. The passage of water through a semipermeable membrane, from a region of low concentration of solutes to one of higher concentration. Reverse osmosis is the passage of water from a more concentrated to a less…

The standard unit of osmotic pressure. A unit of osmotic pressure equal to the molecular weight of a solute in grams divided by the number of ions or other particles into which it dissociates in solution. The standard unit of osmotic pressure based on a one molal concentration of an ion in a solution.