Mindblown: a blog about philosophy.
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Hair follicles
Shafts or openings on the surface of the skin through which hair grows. A small sac that extends from the epidermis into the subcutaneous tissue and which contains the individual hair root. The cells and tissue that surround the root of a hair. Tubular sheath of cells in the epidermis layer of the skin that…
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Gyrase
An enzyme that causes negative supercoiling of E. coli DNA during replication.
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Guanylate Cyclase
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of GTP to 3′,5′-cyclic GMP and pyrophosphate. It also acts on ITP and dGTP. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992).
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Guanidine
A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment…
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Growth Inhibitors
Endogenous or exogenous substances which inhibit the normal growth of human and animal cells or micro-organisms, as distinguished from those affecting plant growth (plant growth regulators). A substance that hampers the development of an organism is referred to as an inhibitor. This all-encompassing definition encompasses the action of certain fungicides, as well as auto-inhibition by…
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Chronic granulomatous disease
A recessive X-linked defect of leukocyte function in which phagocytic cells ingest but fail to digest bacteria, resulting in recurring bacterial infections with granuloma formation. A type of inflammation where macrophages are converted into epithelial-like cells as a result of infection, as in tuberculosis or sarcoidosis. Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare genetic syndrome…
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Granulocytes
Leukocytes with abundant granules in the cytoplasm. They are divided into three groups: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. Phagocytic (scavenging, ingesting) cells that are part of the immune system. When their cell nucleus is segmented into lobes and they have granule-like inclusions within their cytoplasm (the neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) they are collectively known as polymorphonuclear…
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Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
A glycoprotein of MW 25 kDa containing internal disulfide bonds. It induces the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of neutrophilic granulocyte precursor cells and functionally activates mature blood neutrophils. Among the family of colony-stimulating factors, G-CSF is the most potent inducer of terminal differentiation to granulocytes and macrophages of leukemic myeloid cell lines. A colony stimulating…
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Grafting
The operation of transfer of tissue from one site to another. A method of propagation which involves the uniting of a piece of stem of a desirable plant, the “scion,” to that of a less desirable one, the “stock” or “understock,” to give a stronger root system than the scion would have naturally Many different…
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Graft Rejection
An immune response with both cellular and humoral components, directed against an allogeneic transplant, whose tissue antigens are not compatible with those of the recipient.
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