Polymer composed of ribonucleotides; three types of RNA function in translation of information from genes (DNA) to proteins. In some viruses, RNA is also the genetic material.
One of the two nucleic acids found in all cells. The other is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Ribonucleic acid transfers genetic information from DNA to proteins produced by the cell.
A chemical substance involved in cellular protein synthesis. Its structure is coded for by DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). May play a role in memory.
A linear single-stranded polymer composed of four types of ribose nucleotide, adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine (A, C, G and U), linked by phosphodiester bonds and formed by the transcription of DNA. The three types of cellular RNA – rRNA, tRNA and mRNA- play different roles in protein synthesis.
A long-chain, usually single-stranded nucleic acid consisting of repeating nucleotide units containing four kinds of heterocyclic, organic bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil. These bases are conjugated to the pentose sugar ribose and held in sequence by phosphodiester (chemical) bonds. The primary function of RNA is protein synthesis within a cell. However, RNA is involved in various ways in the processes of expression and repression of hereditary information. The three main functionally distinct varieties of RNA molecules are: (1) messenger RNA (mRNA) which is involved in the transmission of DNA information, (2) ribosomal RNa (rRNA) which makes up the physical machinery of the synthetic process, and (3) transfer RNA (tRNA) which also constitutes another functional part of the machinery of protein synthesis.
Controls protein synthesis in cells and takes the place of DNA in some viruses.
Similar in structure to deoxyribonucleic acid but with three nitrogenous bases adenine, cytosine, and guanine. A fourth, uracil, is present, which is complementary to adenine functions in three capacities as (a) messenger RNA, which embodies the basic pan and order of amino acid molecules for the synthesis of protein within the cell; (b) transfer RNA, which passes out into the cell and, depending upon its nitrogenous base, picks up an amino acid molecule; and (c) ribosomal RNA, which combines with proteins to form the ribosome of the cell.
One of the nucleic acids in the nucleus of all living cells, which takes coded information from DNA and translates it into specific enzymes and proteins.
A single strand of nucleosides having ribose instead of deoxyribose and uracil in place of thymine. There are three types of RNA: mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomal RNA. mRNA serves as the template for the order of amino acids of the particular protein being synthesized, tRNA carries these amino acids, and ribosomal RNA serves as the docking place on the ribosome for the messenger RNA.
Nucleic acid that in most cells transmits genetic information from the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the nucleus to the cytoplasm and functions in the synthesis of proteins. It is the genetic material of some viruses.
A molecule consisting of a nucleic acid found in all living cells and in many viruses. RNA is the nucleic acid that carries the flow of genetic instructions from the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) to the rest of the cell. RNA occurs in several forms defined by their functions, including messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and chromosomal RNA. RNA reads the chemical genetic code of the DNA that defines each gene. In order for a cell to make a protein, the DNA dictates the genetic code to a strand of messenger RNA, which then moves outside the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm where RNA directs the production of protein according to the genetic code.
A chemical similar to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that functions primarily to carry genetic information from DNA to protein. RNA, like DNA, also contains adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C).
A nucleic acid that controls protein synthesis in all living cells and is the sole nucleic acid in certain viruses. It differs from DNA in that its sugar is ribose rather than deoxyribose, and its pyrimidine base is uracil rather than thymine. RNA occurs in several forms that are determined by the number of nucleotides.
Amidst the intricate realm of genetic processes, there exists a pivotal molecule that assumes the crucial role of deciphering the encoded information within DNA. This molecule, indispensable for the intricate process of protein synthesis, plays an indispensable part in the complex machinery of life.