Implant surface with a varying degree of macro‐and microirregularity in contrast with a machined or polished, smooth surface. A rough implant surface is generally considered to be superior to a smooth or polished surface in its ability to osseointegrate from both the rate of integration and the relative surface area of bone‐implant contact (BIC). Surface roughness of implants can be categorized into three basic levels: minimally rough, 0.5–1 μm; moderately rough, 1–2 μm; and rough, greater than 2 μm.