Tracheoesophageal

To the trachea and esophagus.

An uncommon congenital anomaly where an abnormal passage links the trachea (windpipe) to the esophagus (gullet) is known as a fistula. In the prevalent manifestation of this condition, the lower portion of the esophagus connects to the trachea, while the upper part of the esophagus remains undeveloped, creating a closed pouch.

The infant experiencing this condition is unable to swallow saliva, leading to constant drooling. While feeding, food is regurgitated and enters the lungs, resulting in choking, coughing, and occasionally a bluish appearance due to oxygen deficiency. The abdomen becomes distended because air inhaled through the fistula enters the stomach. The stomach’s acidic fluid travels up into the lungs via the fistula, causing pneumonia and atelectasis (collapse of the lung).

Frequently, the condition is identified shortly after birth, although mild variations might remain unnoticed until childhood or even adulthood, often becoming evident after repeated episodes of pneumonia. X-rays can confirm the diagnosis. Treating tracheoesophageal fistula involves a surgical procedure to close the fistula and properly establish the connection between the trachea and esophagus.