The process in which free DNA is transferred directly into a competent recipient cell. The direct transfer of genetic material from donor to recipient. The acquisition (e.g., by bacteria cells) of new genetic markers (new traits coded for by the new DNA) via the process of transformation.
A genetic recombination in bacteria brought about by adding foreign DNA to a culture.
The acquisition of new genetic characteristics by a bacterium grown in a bacteria-free solution containing DNA from a differing strain of the same species.