The movement of material in solution inside the body of the plant.
Genetic mutation in which a section of a chromosome “breaks off” and moves to a new (abnormal) position in that (or a different) chromosome.
A chromosomal malfunctioning characterized by a portion of a chromosome from one group to, in effect, create a new chromosome.
The movement of part of a chromosome to an other part of the same chromosome or to a different chromosome pair, leading to genetic disorders.
In genetics, the rearrangement of genetic material on a chromosome or the transfer of part of one chromosome to another chromosome. Translocations can result in serious congenital disorders.
A type of chromosome mutation in which part of a chromosome is transferred to another part of the same chromosome or to a different chromosome. This changes the order of the genes on the chromosomes and can lead to serious genetic disorders, e.g. chronic myeloid leukemia.
The term used to describe an exchange of genetic material between chromosomes. It is an important factor in the causation of certain congenital abnormalities such as, for example, down’s syndrome. It is one of the main abnormalities sought for in amnioscopy.
Transplantation of tissues or organs of the body are defined as an allotransplant, if from another person; an auto-transplant, if from the patient him or herself for example, a skin graft; and a xenotransplant, if from an animal.
The alteration of a chromosome by transfer of a portion of it either to another chromosome or to another portion of the same chromosome. The latter is called shift or intra change. When two chromosomes interchange material, it is called reciprocal translocation.
The process of relocating a segment of one chromosome to another chromosome during the division of cells. A balanced translocation happens when fragments from two distinct chromosomes swap positions without any loss or gain of genetic material. On the other hand, an unbalanced translocation results in the uneven loss or gain of genetic information between two chromosomes.
A surgical procedure involving the extraction of hair follicles from one area of the scalp and their subsequent transplantation to another location on the head.
Chromosomal rearrangement occurs within an individual’s cells, constituting a form of mutation. This process involves the exchange of segments between chromosomes or the fusion of significant portions from two distinct chromosomes. Translocations can either be inherited or arise due to the emergence of a new mutation.
Frequently, a translocation does not exhibit evident consequences and does not result in any observable irregularities. Nonetheless, there are instances when it leads to an imbalance of chromosomal material within certain sperm or egg cells of the affected individual. This imbalance could potentially give rise to a chromosomal anomaly, like Down syndrome, in the offspring of the individual.