
What is Oat Milk?
Oat milk is a popular plant-based alternative to cow’s milk made from oats. The production process involves soaking steel-cut oats in water, then straining the mixture to create a creamy liquid (Medical News Today). Some brands fortify their oat milk with vitamins and minerals like calcium and vitamin D. (1) Nutritionally, oat milk is a good source of vitamins and minerals, with one cup typically containing around 130 calories, 15 grams of carbohydrates, and 4 grams of protein. (2) However, its ultra-processed nature raises concerns for some consumers. (3) This dairy-free milk is favored for its smooth texture and mild flavor, making it a versatile addition to various recipes.
What is Oat Milk Ice Cream?
Oat milk ice cream is a dairy-free frozen dessert made from oat milk, catering to those who are lactose intolerant, vegan, or prefer plant-based foods. The main ingredients include oat milk, sweeteners like cane sugar, stabilizers, and often flavorings such as vanilla or chocolate. (4) Some recipes also incorporate thickeners and emulsifiers to ensure smooth texture. (2) The result is a creamy and rich alternative to traditional ice cream with a mildly sweet flavor.
Nutritional Profile of Oat Milk Ice Cream
Oat milk ice cream offers a delicious, dairy-free alternative with a balanced nutritional profile. Packed with fiber, vitamins, and essential minerals, it provides a creamy treat without compromising on health benefits.
1. Calories
Oat milk ice cream typically contains around 130-150 calories per 1/2 cup serving. The calorie content may vary depending on the brand and flavor. This calorie range makes oat milk ice cream a moderately calorie-dense dessert compared to other plant-based ice creams like coconut or almond milk varieties. Some brands may use added sugars and fats to achieve the desired creaminess and flavor, influencing the overall calorie count.
2. Carbohydrates
Oat milk ice cream typically contains about 22-24 grams of carbohydrates per serving, most of which come from natural sugars in oats and any added sweeteners. Oats are naturally high in complex carbohydrates, which are beneficial for providing energy and supporting digestive health due to their fiber content. However, the addition of sweeteners like cane sugar or agave syrup can increase the total carbohydrate load. The glycemic index of oat milk is considered moderate, so those managing blood sugar levels may want to check the ingredients.
3. Protein
Oat milk ice cream generally provides 2-4 grams of protein per serving, depending on whether additional plant-based proteins (like pea or soy protein) have been added. While this is lower than dairy ice cream, it’s still a valuable source of protein compared to other non-dairy frozen desserts. Protein is essential for muscle repair, immune function, and overall health, and even small amounts can contribute to your daily needs. Some oat milk ice creams are enriched with plant proteins for a higher protein content.
4. Fat
Oat milk ice cream typically contains 4-7 grams of fat per serving, most of which come from plant-based oils like sunflower, canola, or coconut oil. These fats are considered healthier compared to saturated fats found in dairy-based ice cream. Oat milk itself contains a small amount of natural fat, which helps provide a creamy texture and smooth mouthfeel. However, some brands may increase the fat content to improve the product’s richness and texture. While these fats are generally heart-healthy, moderation is key for those monitoring their fat intake.
5. Fiber
Oat milk ice cream generally provides about 1-2 grams of dietary fiber per serving, which is important for digestive health. Oats are naturally rich in beta-glucan, a soluble fiber that has been shown to help lower cholesterol levels and improve gut health. While the amount of fiber in oat milk ice cream is not significant compared to other high-fiber foods, it can still contribute to your daily fiber intake when consumed as part of a balanced diet. Fiber also helps with satiety, potentially reducing overeating and promoting weight managemen.
6. Calcium
Many oat milk ice creams are fortified with calcium to help support bone health. A typical serving can provide 15-25% of your daily recommended intake of calcium, similar to the levels found in dairy milk. Calcium is essential for maintaining healthy bones and teeth, and it also plays a crucial role in muscle function and nerve transmission. When choosing an oat milk ice cream, checking for added calcium can be an important factor for those looking to ensure they meet their daily needs for this vital mineral.
7. Vitamins
Oat milk ice cream is often fortified with vitamins like Vitamin D and B12. Vitamin D is important for bone health and immune function, while B12 is essential for nerve health and red blood cell production. These fortifications make oat milk ice cream an excellent option for people who follow a plant-based diet, as these vitamins are primarily found in animal products. If you rely on fortified plant-based products, including oat milk ice cream can be a convenient way to meet your vitamin D and B12 needs.
Health Benefits of Oat Milk Ice Cream
Oat milk ice cream offers several health benefits, including being dairy-free, lactose-free, and rich in fiber. It provides a tasty, plant-based alternative that’s gentle on digestion and supports overall wellness.
1. Helps with Digestion
Oat milk ice cream can support digestive health due to its high fiber content, particularly beta-glucans, which promote gut health. These fibers enhance bowel regularity and reduce cholesterol absorption, improving overall digestive function MDPI. (5) Oat milk’s ability to improve digestion has also been highlighted in studies on plant-based ice cream Academia.edu. (6) The prebiotic nature of oats can further nourish beneficial gut bacteria Elsevier. (7) Additionally, oat milk has been shown to aid in managing gastric digestion, reducing bloating Springer. (8) Finally, oats are known for enhancing the digestion process through their enzymatic activity Wiley Online. (9)
2. Supports Heart Health
Oat milk ice cream is a heart-healthy alternative, primarily due to its low saturated fat content. Unlike traditional dairy ice cream, oat milk contains zero cholesterol, which helps reduce heart disease risk The Big Man’s World. Additionally, the soluble fiber from oats may lower LDL cholesterol levels PCNA. This makes oat milk ice cream a suitable option for those seeking a delicious yet heart-friendly dessert MarketWatch. (10)
3. Good for Bone Health
Oat milk ice cream can be a beneficial addition to bone health due to its nutritional profile. Rich in calcium, beta-glucans, and fortified with vitamin D, it supports bone strength and may even prevent osteoporosis. Research shows that plant-based milk alternatives, such as oat milk, provide essential minerals for bone health Springer, while ice creams enriched with oat fibers can also promote better mineral absorption Academia.edu. (8) A study on dairy and plant-based milks highlights the benefits of fortified oat-based products for maintaining bone mineral density MDPI. Furthermore, oat milk ice cream offers a sustainable, dairy-free alternative without compromising on nutritional value Elsevier. (7) Additionally, including beta-glucans from oats can positively influence bone metabolism Wiley Online. (11)
4. Helps in Blood Sugar Regulation
Oat milk ice cream is a functional food that may help in regulating blood sugar levels. Studies suggest that oats, particularly their beta-glucan content, can help reduce postprandial blood glucose spikes and improve insulin sensitivity. Research on oat milk-based products shows positive effects on blood sugar control due to their low glycemic index Academia.edu. (6) Additionally, oat milk may help control hunger and reduce the risk of diabetes when incorporated into ice cream Wiley Online. (9) Oat-based ice creams with functional fibers are gaining attention for their benefits in maintaining healthy blood glucose levels MDPI. Furthermore, oat milk ice cream combined with probiotics offers promising results in regulating blood lipids and glucose Springer. (8) These products have a favorable impact on people with blood sugar imbalances ResearchGate. (12)
5. Rich in Antioxidants
Oat milk ice cream is known for its rich antioxidant content, which contributes to its health benefits. Oats contain polyphenolic compounds, such as avenanthramides, which exhibit potent antioxidant properties. Incorporating oats into ice cream boosts its antioxidant activity, providing protective effects against oxidative stress MDPI. (13) Studies show that oat milk-based ice creams offer a healthy alternative to traditional ice creams, with added benefits of enhancing antioxidant levels Academia.edu. (14) Further, oats are rich in compounds that help reduce inflammation, supporting overall well-being Springer. (8) Additionally, oat milk can improve the antioxidant properties of ice cream, offering an excellent source of natural defense against free radicals SCIRP. (15) The combination of oats and other functional ingredients enhances the nutritional profile of ice cream, promoting antioxidant activity Elsevier. (7)
6. Helps with Weight Management
Oat milk ice cream is a viable option for those aiming to manage their weight. Studies have shown that oat milk’s high fiber content, particularly beta-glucan, can help reduce appetite and improve satiety, potentially lowering overall calorie intake. Moreover, research suggests that incorporating oat-based products into a diet can increase fat metabolism, further supporting weight management Academia.edu. (6) The addition of oat milk in low-fat ice creams can provide a satisfying alternative with fewer calories MDPI. (13) Additionally, oat milk’s slow-digesting carbohydrates help maintain energy levels without causing rapid spikes in blood sugar Elsevier. (7) Research also indicates that oat milk ice cream, when combined with probiotics, may further support digestive health, contributing to effective weight management Wiley Online. (9) Lastly, this ice cream offers a sustainable, lower-fat choice compared to traditional dairy products SCIRP. (15)
7. Supports Immune Function
Oat milk ice cream is increasingly recognized for its potential in supporting immune function. Oats contain essential nutrients, such as beta-glucan, which have been linked to enhanced immune responses. The beta-glucan in oat milk ice cream may help boost the body’s defense mechanisms against infections MDPI. (16) Furthermore, fortified oat milk can provide additional vitamins and minerals that promote immune health Academia.edu. (14) A study highlighted the positive impact of oat milk in modulating immune cell activity and promoting overall immune system balance Wiley Online. (9) Additionally, the incorporation of oat milk into ice cream can enhance its anti-inflammatory effects, further supporting immune function SCIRP. (15) Oat milk ice cream enriched with antioxidants may also help in reducing oxidative stress, providing additional benefits for immune health Elsevier. (7)
8. Promotes Skin Health
Oat milk ice cream can contribute to improved skin health due to its high content of antioxidants and essential nutrients. Oats contain beta-glucans, which are known to support skin hydration and improve barrier function. Studies suggest that these compounds can help reduce inflammation, which is beneficial for conditions like eczema and acne MDPI. Additionally, oat milk can enhance collagen production, promoting healthy skin aging Elsevier. (7) Oat-based products also contain vitamins like vitamin E, which plays a role in reducing oxidative stress on the skin Springer. (8) This makes oat milk ice cream a delightful and functional treat for skin care Academia.edu. (6) Furthermore, the antioxidant properties of oats contribute to preventing premature skin aging Wiley Online. (9)
9. Can Aid in Muscle Recovery
Oat milk ice cream, enriched with plant-based proteins and essential amino acids, can aid in muscle recovery post-exercise. Research indicates that oat milk provides a healthy source of carbohydrates, which help replenish muscle glycogen stores after intense physical activity Springer. (8) The beta-glucan found in oats also has anti-inflammatory properties, reducing muscle soreness and enhancing recovery MDPI. (17) Additionally, the protein content in oat milk supports muscle repair and growth Elsevier. (7) Incorporating oat milk ice cream into a post-workout diet may offer the added benefit of increased muscle strength and endurance Wiley Online. (9) Finally, the ice cream’s high fiber content aids in digestion, improving overall recovery SCIRP. (15)
Popular Flavors of Oat Milk Ice Cream
Oat milk ice cream comes in a variety of exciting flavors, from classic vanilla and chocolate to unique, innovative combinations. These options cater to diverse tastes while maintaining a plant-based, creamy texture.
1. Vanilla Oat Milk Ice Cream
Vanilla oat milk ice cream is a timeless favorite, known for its smooth, creamy texture and subtle, comforting flavor. The base of this ice cream is enriched with oat milk, which gives it a unique sweetness while maintaining its vegan and dairy-free nature. The vanilla flavor is typically derived from natural vanilla beans, making it not only delicious but also aromatic. Studies have shown that oat-based ice cream can provide health benefits, such as boosting digestive health due to the high fiber content in oats MDPI. (13) This classic flavor pairs well with other desserts or stands alone as a delightful treat Elsevier. (7) It’s also gaining popularity as a nutritious alternative to traditional vanilla ice cream Wiley Online. (9)
2. Chocolate Oat Milk Ice Cream
Chocolate oat milk ice cream combines the richness of dark chocolate with the smooth texture of oat milk, making it a go-to option for those craving a sweet yet dairy-free indulgence. The deep chocolate flavor is often enhanced with cocoa powder or melted chocolate, and oat milk’s creaminess complements the rich taste. This flavor is perfect for chocolate lovers looking for a dairy-free alternative. Oat-based chocolate ice creams are known to have a lower glycemic index, making them a better option for blood sugar regulation Academia.edu. (6) Moreover, chocolate oat milk ice cream is a good source of antioxidants, thanks to the cocoa, which helps reduce oxidative stress MDPI. (17) It’s a delectable treat that can be enjoyed by those with dietary restrictions or preferences Springer. (8)
3. Strawberry Oat Milk Ice Cream
Strawberry oat milk ice cream offers a refreshing, fruity alternative to traditional ice cream. The natural strawberry flavor adds a fresh burst of sweetness, making it an ideal choice for summer. The oat milk base gives it a creamy consistency without the dairy, while the strawberry adds a tangy note that balances the richness. This flavor is loaded with vitamins and antioxidants, particularly vitamin C, which is beneficial for skin health and immunity Springer. (8) It also contains dietary fiber from oats, which supports digestive health Academia.edu. (14) Strawberry oat milk ice cream can be enjoyed on its own or paired with other desserts for an added fruity punch Elsevier. (7)
4. Coffee Oat Milk Ice Cream
Coffee oat milk ice cream is a delicious choice for those who love a caffeine kick with their dessert. This flavor is typically made using espresso or coffee extract, which provides a rich, bold taste. The oat milk base creates a creamy texture, making the coffee flavor even more indulgent. Oat milk ice cream, including coffee variants, is becoming popular due to its lower sugar content compared to traditional dairy ice creams, making it a better option for those monitoring their blood sugar levels MDPI. (17) Additionally, the antioxidants in both coffee and oats contribute to a healthier immune system Springer. (8) This flavor also provides a dairy-free alternative for coffee lovers, ensuring they can enjoy a satisfying treat without compromising their dietary needs Wiley Online. (9)
5. Mint Chocolate Chip Oat Milk Ice Cream
Mint chocolate chip oat milk ice cream offers a refreshing and invigorating treat, perfect for those who enjoy the combination of cool mint and rich chocolate. The mint flavor is typically derived from fresh mint or mint extract, while the chocolate chips provide a satisfying crunch and deep cocoa flavor. This flavor is not only a tasty option but also provides digestive benefits, as the oats help with gut health and provide a feeling of fullness. The refreshing mint component can also aid in digestion, making it a good option after meals MDPI. (5) Moreover, the combination of mint and chocolate in oat milk ice cream is a great source of antioxidants, benefiting both the digestive and immune systems Elsevier. (7) With its creamy texture and irresistible flavor, it’s a popular choice among oat milk ice cream fans Springer. (8)
How Oat Milk Ice Cream is Made
Here’s a step-by-step guide to making homemade oat milk ice cream:
- Gather all the required ingredients.
- In a medium saucepan, combine the oat milk, coconut milk, and maple syrup. Heat over medium heat, stirring occasionally to mix the ingredients together.
- If you’d like a thicker texture, mix the cornstarch with a tablespoon of cold oat milk until fully dissolved.
- Gradually add the cornstarch slurry to the saucepan while stirring constantly. Allow the mixture to simmer for 5-7 minutes, or until it thickens to a custard-like consistency. (This step can be skipped for a lighter texture.)
- Stir in the vanilla extract and a pinch of salt to enhance the flavor. If you want additional flavoring, you can also add cocoa powder for chocolate ice cream or fruit purees for fruity flavors.
- Once the mixture has thickened and the flavors are well combined, remove it from the heat. Allow it to cool for about 15 minutes at room temperature, then transfer to the refrigerator. Chill the base for at least 4 hours, or until it’s cold.
- After the base is thoroughly chilled, pour it into an ice cream maker. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions, usually churning for about 20-30 minutes. The ice cream should reach a soft-serve consistency.
- If you’re adding chocolate chips, crushed cookies, berries, or nuts, fold them in during the last 5 minutes of churning. Ensure they are evenly distributed throughout the mixture.
- After churning, transfer the ice cream to a lidded container. Smooth the surface and cover with plastic wrap or parchment paper to prevent ice crystals from forming. Freeze for at least 4 hours, or overnight, to harden to a scoopable consistency.
- Once the ice cream is frozen to your desired texture, scoop and serve! Enjoy your homemade oat milk ice cream as is or with your favorite toppings.
Oat Milk Ice Cream vs. Other Non-Dairy Ice Creams
Here’s a comparison table highlighting the key differences between oat milk ice cream and other popular non-dairy ice creams:
| Feature | Oat Milk Ice Cream | Almond Milk Ice Cream | Coconut Milk Ice Cream | Soy Milk Ice Cream |
| Base Ingredient | Oat milk | Almond milk | Coconut milk | Soy milk |
| Creaminess | Creamy, smooth texture due to oats’ natural starch | Lighter, sometimes slightly watery | Rich and creamy due to coconut fat | Smooth, but can be less creamy than coconut milk |
| Flavor Profile | Mild, slightly sweet, and oat-forward flavor | Nutty and light, often slightly bitter | Tropical, coconut flavor | Neutral, slightly beany |
| Nutritional Content | High in fiber, low in fat | Low in calories, high in vitamin E | High in saturated fat, rich in medium-chain triglycerides | High in protein, often fortified with calcium |
| Sugar Content | Typically lower in sugar; naturally sweetened | Often sweetened with syrups like maple or agave | Naturally sweet from coconut milk | Can be higher in sugar depending on the flavor |
| Allergen-Free | Yes, unless cross-contamination with gluten | Yes, but can contain almonds (allergen) | Yes, but may contain coconut (allergen) | Yes, but soy is a common allergen |
| Calcium & Vitamin D | Often fortified with calcium and Vitamin D | May be fortified with calcium and Vitamin D | Usually fortified with calcium and Vitamin D | Often fortified with calcium and Vitamin D |
| Environmental Impact | Generally more sustainable, oats require less water than almonds or coconuts | Almond production is water-intensive | Coconut farming can have a significant environmental impact | Soy farming can be resource-intensive but less than almonds |
| Texture & Mouthfeel | Smooth with a slight oat creaminess | Can be a bit more icy or watery | Rich and dense, some people find it overly creamy | Creamy with a smooth texture |
| Best Suited For | Those seeking a creamy, mild-flavored alternative with health benefits | Those preferring a lighter, nutty flavor | Coconut lovers or those wanting a richer, tropical taste | People who want a creamy ice cream with more protein |
| Taste Sensitivity | Some may find the oat flavor too distinct | Nutty flavor can overpower some flavors | Strong coconut flavor may be overpowering for some | Can have a slight bean taste if not flavored strongly |
Who Should Try Oat Milk Ice Cream?
Oat milk ice cream is ideal for those seeking dairy-free alternatives, including people with lactose intolerance, vegans, or anyone looking for a healthier, plant-based dessert option without sacrificing flavor or texture.
1. Dairy Intolerant or Lactose-Intolerant Individuals
Oat milk ice cream is an excellent choice for dairy-intolerant or lactose-intolerant individuals. Unlike traditional dairy products, oat milk ice cream is naturally free from lactose and dairy, offering a creamy, enjoyable alternative MDPI. (18) Studies indicate that oat-based ice cream is well-tolerated by those with lactose intolerance, as it does not trigger digestive issues Springer. Moreover, oat milk provides additional health benefits, such as fiber and antioxidants, supporting overall well-being Elsevier. (19) It’s also a great option for individuals looking for a plant-based dessert Academia.edu. (14)
2. Vegans and Plant-Based Diet Followers
Oat milk ice cream is an excellent choice for vegans and those following a plant-based diet, offering a creamy, delicious alternative to dairy-based ice cream. As a plant-based option, it’s completely free of animal products, making it ideal for those seeking cruelty-free treats Academia.edu. Additionally, oat milk is rich in fiber and antioxidants, providing added health benefits compared to traditional dairy MDPI. (17) It’s also more sustainable than other milk alternatives, as oats require less water for cultivation Springer. (8) This makes oat milk ice cream a healthier and environmentally friendly choice Elsevier. (7)
3. People Seeking Healthier Ice Cream Alternatives
Oat milk ice cream is a great option for those seeking healthier ice cream alternatives. Made from oats, it’s naturally dairy-free, lower in fat, and often contains less sugar than traditional ice cream Springer. (8) Its high fiber content supports digestive health and promotes satiety, helping with weight management MDPI. (13) Additionally, the antioxidants in oat milk help reduce oxidative stress, which contributes to a healthier lifestyle Elsevier. (7) Moreover, oat milk ice cream provides a creamy texture, making it a satisfying yet healthier alternative to high-calorie dairy options ResearchGate. (20)
4. People with Sensitive Stomachs
Oat milk ice cream is an ideal choice for individuals with sensitive stomachs due to its easily digestible nature. Unlike dairy-based ice creams, which can cause discomfort in people with lactose intolerance or other sensitivities, oat milk is gentle on the digestive system MDPI. Its mild texture and fiber content can help soothe the gut, reducing bloating and discomfort Springer. (8) Additionally, oats provide prebiotics that support gut health and improve digestion Elsevier. (7) Oat milk ice cream offers a satisfying treat without triggering digestive issues Wiley Online. (9)
5. Those Looking to Improve Sustainability
For those interested in improving sustainability, oat milk ice cream is an environmentally friendly option. Oats require significantly less water than almonds or cows for dairy, making them a more sustainable choice for those conscious of their environmental impact MDPI. Oat milk ice cream also reduces the carbon footprint associated with dairy farming, supporting efforts to decrease greenhouse gas emissions Springer. (8) The growing popularity of plant-based alternatives like oat milk is a key factor in promoting sustainability within the food industry Elsevier. (7) Choosing oat milk-based products can contribute to a more sustainable and ethical food system ResearchGate.
6. Individuals Interested in Gluten-Free Options
Oat milk ice cream is an excellent choice for individuals seeking gluten-free dessert options. Oats are naturally gluten-free, making oat milk a suitable substitute for those with gluten sensitivities or celiac disease MDPI. (13) Moreover, oat milk ice cream is often formulated without gluten-containing ingredients, ensuring it’s safe for gluten-free diets Elsevier. (7) Many gluten-free consumers find oat milk-based products to be both delicious and nutritious Academia.edu. (21) This makes it a great alternative for those avoiding gluten while still enjoying indulgent treats Wiley Online. (9)
Potential Side Effects of Oat Milk Ice Cream
While oat milk ice cream is generally safe, some individuals may experience digestive discomfort due to its fiber content or added ingredients. It’s important to be mindful of portion sizes and personal sensitivities.
1. Digestive Discomfort
Oat milk ice cream may cause digestive discomfort for some individuals, especially those who are not accustomed to high fiber intake. The fiber in oats, while beneficial for many, can lead to bloating or gas in sensitive digestive systems MDPI. Additionally, oat milk ice cream may cause stomach upset if consumed in large quantities due to its sugar and fat content Springer. (8) Individuals with gastrointestinal sensitivities may need to consume it in moderation to avoid discomfort Elsevier. (7)
2. Possible Allergies
While oat milk ice cream is a popular dairy-free treat, it may cause allergic reactions in some individuals, especially those with sensitivities to oats. Oat proteins can trigger allergies, leading to symptoms such as itching, swelling, or digestive discomfort MDPI. Studies have also shown that cross-reactivity with other grains, like wheat, may lead to heightened allergy risks Springer. (8) For those with known oat allergies, consuming oat milk products, including ice cream, could cause adverse effects Elsevier. (22)
3. Sugar Content
Oat milk ice cream, while a healthier alternative to traditional ice cream, often contains added sugars to enhance flavor. These sugars can contribute to higher calorie intake and may lead to weight gain or spikes in blood sugar levels if consumed excessively MDPI. (13) Even though oat milk is naturally sweet, many commercial oat milk ice creams are sweetened with added syrups like maple or agave Elsevier. (7) Consumers should be mindful of the sugar content when enjoying this treat Wiley Online. (9)
4. Overconsumption of Added Ingredients
Oat milk ice cream, like many processed foods, often contains added ingredients such as sugars, stabilizers, and flavor enhancers to improve taste and texture. Overconsumption of these added ingredients, particularly sugars, can contribute to health issues like obesity and diabetes Springer. (23) Additionally, certain oat milk ice cream products may contain artificial additives, which could cause digestive discomfort if consumed excessively Elsevier. (7) Moderation is key, as high-fat content and sweeteners can also result in imbalanced nutrient intake MDPI. (17)
Conclusion
Oat milk ice cream has quickly become a favorite among those seeking dairy-free, plant-based alternatives. Its creamy texture and wide range of flavors offer a delicious treat for people with lactose intolerance, vegans, or anyone looking for a healthier dessert option. Made from oats, it provides a nutritious profile rich in fiber, vitamins, and minerals. While it’s an excellent choice for many, it’s important to be aware of any potential digestive sensitivities. Overall, oat milk ice cream presents a satisfying and guilt-free indulgence that fits well into modern, health-conscious lifestyles, proving that plant-based desserts can be both tasty and nourishing.
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