Category: E

The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health. The effect of external forces acting upon human, animal, insect, and plant life within the greater surroundings. The state of the environment. The theory and practice of assessing, correcting, controlling, and preventing environmental factors…

A genus of the family Picornaviridae whose members preferentially inhabit the intestinal tract of a variety of hosts. The genus contains many species. Newly described members of human enteroviruses are assigned continuous numbers with the species designated “human enterovirus”. A virus which prefers to live in the intestine. Enteroviruses include poliomyelitis virus, Coxsackie viruses and…

A genus of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria consisting of organisms causing variable hemolysis that are normal flora of the intestinal tract. Previously thought to be a member of the genus Streptococcus, it is now recognized as a separate genus. A streptococcal bacterium that lives in the intestine. A genus of gram-positive cocci of the family Streptococcaceae,…

The entire nerve apparatus composed of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and ganglia. A division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) arising from its own line of neural crest cells and composed of the tens of millions of neurons and their supporting cells inside the walls of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and gallbladder. Although the…

Transcriptional element in the virus genome. A substance or object that increases a chemical activity or physiological. A nucleic acid sequence that increases the transcription or utilization of a gene.  

Of, relating to, or acting as an endotoxin (= a heat-stable toxin, associated with the outer membranes of certain gram-negative bacteria. Endotoxins are not secreted and are released only when the cells are disrupted). Toxins associated with certain bacteria, unlike an ‘exotoxin’ is not secreted in soluble form by live bacteria, but is a structural…

Small molecule that diffuses to the adjacent muscle layer and relaxes it.  

The main type of cell found in the inside lining of blood vessels, lymph vessels, and the heart. These are the flat, sort of plate-shaped cells that line the surface of all blood vessels, heart, and lymphatics within the body. Endothelial cells possess transmembrane (i.e., through the cell membrane) molecules known as adhesion molecules, which…

Suppurative inflammation of the tissues of the internal structures of the eye; not all layers of the uvea are affected. Fungi, necrosis of intraocular tumors, and retained intraocular foreign bodies often cause a purulent endophthalmitis. Inflammation of the interior of the eyeball. Inflammation confined to the posterior chamber of the eye, i.e. the part behind…

A subclass of peptide hydrolases. They are classified primarily by their catalytic mechanism. Specificity is used only for identification of individual enzymes. They comprise the serine endopeptidases, EC 3.4.21; cysteine endopeptidases, EC 3.4.22; aspartic endopeptidases, EC 3.4.23, metalloendopeptidases, EC 3.4.24; and a group of enzymes yet to be assigned to any of the above sub-classes,…