Mindblown: a blog about philosophy.
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Ganglia
Clusters of multipolar neurons surrounded by a capsule of loosely organized connective tissue located outside the central nervous system. Colonies of neurons outside the brain and spinal cord sometimes acting to control local functions. These latter are little affected by normal stress conditions. (Example: the solar plexus, made of two separate ganglions.) Groups of nerve…
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Gamma rays
Very powerful and penetrating, high-energy electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength than that of x-rays. They are emitted by a decaying nucleus, usually between 0.01 and 10 MeV. They are also called nuclear x-rays. Radiation similar to X-rays but higher in energy output. Part of electromagnetic radiation with the smallest wavelengths and thus the most energy…
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Gallbladder
The pear-shaped organ that sits below the liver. Bile is concentrated and stored in the gallbladder. A saclike organ, attached to the liver, that collects bile and then discharges it into the intestine in response to a fatty meal. The sac located just beneath the liver which stores bile until needed. Pear-shaped organ, about 8…
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Fungus (plural: fungi)
A general term used to denote a group of eukaryotic protists, including mushrooms, yeasts, rusts, moulds, smuts, etc., which are characterized by the absence of chlorophyll and by the presence of a rigid cell wall composed of chitin, mannans, and sometimes cellulose. They are usually of simple morphological form or show some reversible cellular specialization,…
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Fungistatic
Inhibiting the growth of fungi. Halting the proliferation of a fungus whilst abstaining from its extermination.
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Fungicides, Industrial
Chemicals that kill or inhibit the growth of fungi in agricultural applications, on wood, plastics, or other materials, in swimming pools, etc.
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Fungemia
The presence of fungi circulating in the blood. Opportunistic fungal sepsis is seen most often in immunosuppressed patients with severe neutropenia or in postoperative patients with intravenous catheters and usually follows prolonged antibiotic therapy. The presence of fungi in the blood, most commonly Candida or Aspergillus. It can be life threatening, especially in immunocompromised patients.…
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Fructose (Levulose)
A type of sugar found in many fruits and vegetables and in honey. Fructose is used to sweeten some diet foods. It is considered a nutritive sweetener because it has calories. Also known as fruit sugar or laevulose. A six-carbon monosaccharide sugar (hexose) differing from glucose in containing a ketone group (on carbon-2) instead of…
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Frameshift mutation
A type of mutation in which a number of nucleotides not divisible by three is deleted from or inserted into a coding sequence, thereby causing an alteration in the reading frame of the entire sequence downstream of the mutation. These mutations may be induced by certain types of mutagens or may occur spontaneously. The deletion…
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Frameshift
A type of mutation which causes out-of-phase transcription of the base sequence; such mutations arise from the addition or delection of nucleotide(s) in numbers other than 3 or multiples of 3. A shift (displacement) of the reading frame in a DNA or RNA molecule. Frameshifts generally result from the addition or deletion of one or…
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