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    Home»Herbs and Spices»Facts about Paradise Tree
    Herbs and Spices

    Facts about Paradise Tree

    By SylviaDecember 6, 2019Updated:December 6, 2019No Comments10 Mins Read
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    Simarouba glauca, otherwise known as Paradise Tree or Bitter Wood, is an evergreen tree belonging to Quassia family Simaroubaceae. The plant is native to Bahamas, Costa Rica, Cuba, EI-Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto rico, united states of America. Its popular common names includes aceituno, bitterwood, paradise tree, pasaque, Simarouba, gavilan, negrito, marubá, marupá, dysentery bark, bitterwood, paradise tree, palo blanco, robleceillo, caixeta, daguilla, cedro blanco, cajú-rana, malacacheta, palo amargo, pitomba, bois amer, bois blanc, bois frene, bois negresse and simaba. The fruits can be eaten raw but are of inferior quality. The seed produces edible oil used in the preparation of bakery products and for industrial purposes. Seed shells can be used in the manufacture of particle board, activated charcoal, or as fuel. The wood is used for interior construction, boxes and crates, furniture, veneer, etc. It is also used for fuel.

    Plant Description

    Paradise tree is an evergreen, small to medium-sized tree that grows up to 20 m high, with a trunk 50 to 80 cm in diameter with a narrow crown, well-developed root system, and straight, cylindrical bole. Bark is smooth and green when young, eventually turning light brown to gray, resembling the skin of a cantaloupe. The twigs of tree-of-heaven are alternate on the tree, stout, greenish to brown in color, and lack a terminal bud. They have large V- or heart-shaped leaf scars. The twigs easily break to expose the large, spongy, brown center, or pith.

    Leaves

    Tree-of-heaven leaves are pinnately compound, meaning they have a central stem in which leaflets are attached on each side. One leaf can range in length from 1 to 4 feet with anywhere from 10 to 40 leaflets. The leaflets are “lance” shaped with smooth or “entire” margins. The leaflets are up to 10 cm in length, dark green above, lighter below, with an entire margin and rounded leaf apex. At the base of each leaflet are one to two protruding bumps called glandular teeth. When crushed, the leaves and all plant parts give off a strong, offensive odor.

    Flowers

    Flowers are arranged in at branch-ends and in leaf-axils, in panicles. The calyx has 5 unfused, greenish sepals. The flower has 5 free yellowish-white overlapping petals. Male flowers have 10 stamens and no ovaries. Female flowers have 10 nonfunctional stamens and 5 unfused ovaries each with a single locule and seed. Occasionally there are perfect flowers produced on either the staminate or carpellate trees. Flowering normally takes place from

    Fruits

    Fruit is an oval purple/black drupe at maturity. The fruits can be eaten raw but are of inferior quality. Seeds on female trees are a 1-to-2-inch-long twisted samara, or wing. There is one seed per samara. The samaras are found in clusters, which often hang on the tree through winter. The seed produces edible oil used in the preparation of bakery products and for industrial purposes. Seed shells can be used in the manufacture of particle board, activated charcoal, or as fuel.

    Closer-View-of-Leaves-of-Paradise-tree Flowers-of-Paradise-tree Leaves-of-Paradise-tree Paradise-Tree Plant-Illustration-of-Paradise-tree Ripening-fruits-of-Paradise-tree Sketch-of-Paradise-tree Small-Paradise-plant Trunk-of-Paradise-tree
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    Worldwide Ethno medical Uses

    Paradise tree Quick Facts
    Name: Paradise tree
    Scientific Name: Simarouba glauca
    Origin Bahamas, Costa Rica, Cuba, EI-Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto rico, united states of America
    Colors purple/black
    Shapes Ellipsoid drupe, 2 - 2.5 cm long, with thin hard cuticle and juicy fruit pulp
    Taste Bitter
    Health benefits Beneficial for fever, malaria, diarrhea, dysentery, intestinal parasites indigestion, anemia, herpes, influenza, polio, and vaccinia viruses
    Country Uses
    Amazonia For bleeding, constipation, dysentery, fever, malaria
    Belize For bowel disorders, diarrhea, dysentery, excessive menstruation, hemorrhages, internal bleeding, skin, sores, stomach disorders, wounds
    Brazil For anemia, anorexia, bitter digestive aid, diarrhea, dysentery, dyspepsia, fever, hemorrhages, intestinal parasites, malaria
    Cuba For bleeding, colitis, diarrhea, digestive sluggishness, dysentery, malaria, menstrual disorders, parasites, sores, wounds
    Dominican

    Republic

    For colic, diarrhea, gonorrhea, malaria
    El Salvador For amebic infections, digestive stimulation
    Haiti For aches (body), anemia, dysentery, dyspepsia, fever, menstrual disorders, pain, rheumatism, skin problems, and to increase perspiration
    Mexico For amoebic infections, dyspepsia, fever, malaria
    Peru For diarrhea, dysentery, fever, intestinal gas, malaria, stomach pains
    Elsewhere For bleeding, colds, diarrhea, dysentery, fever, malaria

     

    Traditional Uses

    Plant Parts Used For
    Bark Anemia, anorexia, bitter, diarrhea, dysentery, dyspepsia, emmenogogue, fever, hemorrhages, internal bleeding, intestinal worms, malaria, skin sores, sores, stomach and bowel disorders, tonic, wounds
    Leaf Astringent, colitis, diarrhea, digestive, dysentery, emmenogogue, intestinal worms, malaria, skin

    affections

    Root Diarrhea, dysentery, flatulence, intestinal worms, malaria, stomach pain, tonic

     

    Traditional uses and benefits of Paradise tree

    • Leaves and bark are used in the treatment of malaria, fevers, and dysentery, to stop bleeding, and as a tonic.
    • Leaves and bark have a long history of medicinal use in the tropics, particularly in the treatment of malaria, fevers and dysentery; as an astringent to stop bleeding; and as a tonic.
    • They are also used as a digestive, emmenogogue and to treat parasites both within and on the body.
    • Studies have shown that the plant is over 90% effective against amoebic dysentery.
    • Bark, and its three main quassinoids, has been shown to be an effective treatment against malaria, including strains that have become resistant to drug treatment.
    • Research has also shown that the bark has good antiviral properties, effective against herpes, influenza, polio, and vaccinia viruses.
    • Quassinoids responsible for the anti-amoebic and antimalarial properties have also been shown to possess active cancer-killing properties.
    • Bark is used as a bitter tonic.
    • Decoction is taken internally in the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, malaria, fevers, hemorrhages, intestinal parasites and colitis.
    • They are also used as a digestive, emmenogogue and to treat parasites both within and on the body.
    • It is used much the same way against Fever, malaria, diarrhea, dysentery, intestinal parasites indigestion and anemia in Brazil.
    • Simarouba bark has long been the most highly recommended (and most effective) natural remedy against chronic and acute dysentery in Brazilian herbal medicines.

    Ayurvedic Health benefits of Paradise tree

    • Malaria : Crush dried 3-4 Paradise tree leaves, 5 cm long sticks, Bark (1 piece for 10 kg body weight and accordingly increases the bark pieces). Put them in 200 ml of water. Boil the mixture at low flame for 10 minutes. Let it stay overnight. The next morning, warm the decoction and filter it. Drink 150 ml of it sip by sip on an empty stomach in the morning, one cup in the evening and one cup in the night for 15 days. Course is repeated once in 6 months. (Note : Do not eat anything for half an hour. )
    • Diarrhea: Crush dried 3-4 Paradise tree leaves, 5 cm long sticks; Bark (1 piece for 10 kg body weight and accordingly increases the bark pieces). Put them in 200 ml of water. Boil the mixture at low flame for 10 minutes. Let it stay overnight. The next morning, warm the decoction and filter it. Drink one cup of it sip by sip, 2 times a day.
    • Colitis: Crush dried 3-4 Paradise tree leaves, 5 cm long sticks; Bark (1 piece for 10kg body weight and accordingly increases the bark pieces). Put them in 200 ml of water. Boil the mixture at low flame for 10 minutes. Let it stay overnight. The next morning, warm the decoction and filter it. Drink 150 ml of it sip by sip on an empty stomach in the morning, one cup in the evening and one cup in the night for 15 days. Course is repeated once in 6 months.( Note: Do not eat anything for half an hour.)
    • Dysentery: Crush dried 3-4 Paradise tree leaves, 5 cm long sticks; Bark (1 piece for 10 kg body weight and accordingly increases the bark pieces). Put them in 200 ml of water. Boil the mixture at low flame for 10 minutes. Let it stay overnight. The next morning, warm the decoction and filter it. Drink one cup of it sip by sip, 2 times a day.
    • Cancer: Crush dried 8 Paradise tree leaves, 10 cm long sticks, Bark (2 piece for 10 kg body weight and accordingly increase the bark pieces). Put them in 200 ml of water. Boil the mixture at low flame for 10 minutes. Let it stay overnight. The next morning, warm the decoction and filter it. Drink 150 ml of it sip by sip on an empty stomach in the morning, one cup in the evening and one cup in the night. (Note: Do not eat anything for half an hour.)
    • Blood Cancer: Crush dried 8 Paradise tree leaves, 10 cm long sticks, Bark (2 piece for 10kg body weight and accordingly increase the bark pieces). Put them in 200 ml of water. Boil the mixture at low flame for 10 minutes. Let it stay overnight. The next morning, warm the decoction and filter it. Drink 150 ml of it sip by sip on an empty stomach in the morning, one cup in the evening and one cup in the night. (Note: Do not eat anything for half an hour.)
    • Ulcers: Crush dried 8 Paradise tree leaves, 10 cm long sticks, Bark (2 piece for 10 kg body weight and accordingly increase the bark pieces). Put them in 200 ml of water. Boil the mixture at low flame for 10 minutes. Let it stay overnight. The next morning, warm the decoction and filter it. Drink 150 ml of it sip by sip on an empty stomach in the morning, one cup in the evening and one cup in the night. (Note: Do not eat anything for half an hour.)
    • Rheumatoid Arthritis: Crush dried 8 Paradise tree leaves, 10 cm long sticks, Bark (2 piece for 10 kg body weight and accordingly increase the bark pieces). Put them in 200 ml of water. Boil the mixture at low flame for 10 minutes. Let it stay overnight. The next morning, warm the decoction and filter it. Drink 150 ml of it sip by sip on an empty stomach in the morning, one cup in the evening and one cup in the night. (Note: Do not eat anything for half an hour.)

    Culinary Uses

    • Fruit can be consumed raw.
    • Oil is largely used in the preparation of bakery products in Central America.
    • It can be used in the manufacture of vanaspati, vegetable oil and/or margarine in India.
    • The oil is free from bad cholesterol.

    Other facts

    • Seed produces edible oil used in the preparation of bakery products and for industrial purposes.
    • Seed shells can be used in the manufacture of particle board, activated charcoal, or as fuel.
    • Wood is used for interior construction, boxes and crates, furniture, veneer, etc.
    • It is also used for fuel.
    • Tree has a well-developed root system and an evergreen, dense canopy – it efficiently checks soil erosion, supports soil microbial life, and improve groundwater availability.
    • It is shade tolerant and occurs as an under-storey tree, particularly under the canopy of large fruit trees where birds perch and deposit the seeds.
    • Pulp and leaf litter can be economically used in the manufacture of vermi compost.
    • Oil obtained from the seed can be used for industrial purposes in the manufacture of bio-fuels, soaps, detergents, lubricants, varnishes, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals etc.
    • Seed shells can be used in the manufacture of particleboard, activated charcoal or as fuel.
    • Freshly cut, the heartwood is whitish or cream colored with occasionally a yellow or greenish cast – when dry it becomes a uniform cream color with occasional oily streaks; it is not distinguished from the sapwood.
    • It works easily and machines to a smooth clean surface; it is easy to finish and to glue.
    • Wood is used for interior construction, boxes and crates, furniture components, veneer and plywood, pattern making, millwork, particleboard and fiber board.
    • Wood is used for fuel, especially because it burns readily when still green and freshly cut.

    References:

    https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=28844#null

    https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=33957

    https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Simarouba+glauca

    https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=SIGL3

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simarouba_glauca

    http://www.narc.gov.jo/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=33957

    https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Paradise%20Tree.html

    http://www.rain-tree.com/Simarouba-Monograph.pdf

    https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/246716

    https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/SMBGL

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    Paradise Tree Facts

    Name Paradise tree
    Scientific Name Simarouba glauca
    Native Bahamas, Costa Rica, Cuba, EI-Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto rico, united states of America
    Common Names Aceituno, bitterwood, paradise tree, pasaque, Simarouba, gavilan, negrito, marubá, marupá, dysentery bark, bitterwood, paradise tree, palo blanco, robleceillo, caixeta, daguilla, cedro blanco, cajú-rana, malacacheta, palo amargo, pitomba, bois amer, bois blanc, bois frene, bois negresse, simaba
    Name in Other Languages Creole: Bwa blan, bwa fwenn, doliv fwenn
    English:  Bitter dam, Bitter damson, Bitter dan, Bitterwood, Boarwood, Dysentery bark, Mountain damson, Paradise tree,  Princess tree, Stavewood, bitterash, Bitter damson, Bitterwood
    French:  Acajou blanc, Bois amer, Bois blanc, Bois frêne, Bois négresse, Quinquina d’Europe, Simarouba glauque
    Hindi: Luxmi Taru, Laxmi Taru
    Kannada: Lakṣmītaru (ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀತರು)
    Portuguese: Caixeta, Marupá, Marupaúba, Parahyba, Paraíba, Pau parahyba, Tamanqueira
    Spanish:  Aceitillo, Aceituna, Aceituno, Aceituno negrito, Cedro amargo, Cedro blanco, Daguilla, Daguillo, Guitarro, Gusano, Jocote, Jocote de mico, Juan primero, Jucumico, Laguilla olivio, Maruba, Malacacheta, Marouba, Marupa, Negrito, Olivo, Olivo amargo, Pa’asaak’il, Paljul’te, Palo amargo, Palo blanco, Pasa’ak, Pasac, Pasaque, Pazaque, Rabo de lagarto blanco, Roblecillo, Simaruba, Talchocote, X-pasak’il, Xpa’saak’, Zapatero
    Plant Growth Habit Evergreen, small to medium-sized tree
    Plant Size Up to 20 m high, with a trunk 50 to 80 cm in diameter
    Bark Smooth and green when young, eventually turning light brown to gray, resembling the skin of a cantaloupe
    Leaf Pinnately compound leaves that range in length from 1 to 4 feet with anywhere from 10 to 40 leaflets
    Flower |Arranged in at branch-ends and in leaf-axils, in panicles. The calyx has 5 unfused, greenish sepals. The flower has 5 free yellowish-white overlapping petals. Male flowers have 10 stamens and no ovaries. Female flowers have 10 nonfunctional stamens and 5 unfused ovaries each with a single locule and seed
    Fruit Shape & Size Ellipsoid drupe, 2 – 2.5 cm long, with thin hard cuticle and juicy fruit pulp
    Fruit Color Purple/black
    Propagation By seeds, grafting and tissue culture technology
    Taste Bitter
    Plant Parts Used Wood, Leaves, Bark Extract, Roots, Seeds, Fruit Pulp
    Precautions
    • Side effects at high doses include increased perspiration and urination, nausea, and/or vomiting.
    • Large dosages might cause nausea and vomiting.

    Paradise tree Scientific Classification

    Scientific Name: Simarouba glauca

    Rank Scientific Name & (Common Name)
    Kingdom Plantae (Plants)
    Subkingdom Tracheobionta (Vascular plants)
    Infrakingdom Streptophyta  (land plants)
    Super Division Spermatophyta (Seed plants)
    Division Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants)
    Sub Division Spermatophytina  (spermatophytes, seed plants, phanérogames)
    Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons)
    Sub-Class Rosidae
    Super Order Rosanae
    Order Sapindales
    Family Simaroubaceae (Quassia family)
    Genus Simarouba Aubl. (Simarouba)
    Species Simarouba glauca DC. (paradisetree)
    Synonyms
    • Quassia simarouba L.fil.
    • Simarouba officinalis DC.
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