Scientifically known as Citrus limon, lemons are among the world’s most popular citrus fruits. Lemons are a refreshing fruit that is usually not eaten whole, but rather eaten in slices, or added to foods and beverages for their distinctive flavor. Lemons have many uses in cooking and are very popular in European recipes. They are very high in vitamin C and low in calories. Lemons are also used as a health and beauty aid, and have many uses as a cleaning agent. At the end of the day, lemons are a healthy food, and an excellent way to add flavor and aroma to meals.
| Name | Lemon |
|---|---|
| Scientific Name | Citrus limon |
| Native | Originated in the foothills of the Himalayas, Assam (India) and northern Burma to China. |
| Common/English Name | Canton Lemon, Chinese Lemon, Lemon. |
| Name in Other Languages | Hungarian : Citrom Dutch : Citroenboom Amharic : Li-Mo-Ne Icelandic : Sítróna Armenian : Gidron Guam : Limon Real Basque : Limoi Korean : Re-Mon Bulgaria : Limon Latvia : Citrons Finnish : Sitruuna Chamorro : Lemon Reat Samoan : Moli Lithuanian : Citrinos Pukapukan : Lēmene Papā Croatia : Limun Galician : Follas De Lima Cafre Persian : Kalanbak Spanish : Arbol De Limón Czech : Citrón New Caledonia : Le Citronnier Arabic : Laymūn Italian : Limone Sri Lanka : Sedaran Danish : Citron Scotland : Crann Limoin Indonesia : Jerul Nipis Esperanto : Citron Russian : Limon Palauan : Debechel Nepalese : Kaagati Tongan : Lemani Fijian : Moli Karokaro Chinese : Ning Meng French : Citronnier India : Gol Nemu ( Assamese ) Norway : Sitron Frisian : Sitroen Tibetan : Dzam Bi Ri (D) Georgian : Limoni Maltese : Lumi Brazil: Limão-Siciliano German : Citron Albanian : Limoni Swahili : Limau Haiti : Sitron Swedish : Citron Aragonese : Limón Polish : Cytryna Hawaiian : Kukane Azerbaijan : Limon Slovašcina : Limona Hebrew : Limon Portuguese : Limão Turkish : Limon Cook Islands : Rēmene Pakistan : Jatti Khatti Thai : Ma Nao Leung Eastonia : Harilik Sidrunipuu I-Kiribati : Remen Vietnamese : Chanh Tây Japanese : Kanton Remon Ukrainian : Limon Lingala : Ndímo Romanian : Lămâi Yiddish : Limene Burmese : Shauktakera Malaysia : Limau Farsi : Limoo Niuean : Sipolo Tongarevan : Lēmene Philippines: Lemon ( Tagalog) Catalan : Llimonera Slovencina : Citrón Kazakhsistan : Limon Greek : Lemóni |
| Plant Growth Habit | Small, thorn less to thorny, medium vigor tree |
| Growing Climate | Cultivated in a tropical, subtropical and temperate regions, in humid, semi-arid or arid conditions. Lemons are mostly grown in the semi-arid and arid subtropical regions. Lemon trees are susceptible to strong winds or cold winds that reduce yields and scar fruit. |
| Soil | Lemon tree is adaptable to many soil types excepting those that are too acidic. It has reputation of tolerating very infertile, very poor soil. |
| Plant Size | 3–6 m high. |
| Leaf | Leaves are alternate, reddish when young turning green, ovate to elliptic, 8–14 × 4–6 cm, with conspicuously crenulate margin and mucronate, acuminate to shallowly emarginate apex on narrowly winged petioles. |
| Flower | Flowers bisexual or male by complete abortion of pistil. Calyx is cup shaped with 4–5 lobes; petals, 4 or 5, are white inside and purplish outside, stamens 20–40 more or less united stamens with yellow anthers, ovary sub cylindric to barrel-shaped with a clavate stigma. |
| Fruit Shape & Size | Ellipsoid to ovoid, narrowed at both ends, with a nipple- like protuberance (mammilla) at the apex, up to 12 × 6 cm, |
| Fruit Weight | About 50- 80 g in weight. |
| Fruit Color | Green turning pale green and yellow when ripe |
| Fruit Skin | Fairly thick, coarse, pellucid dotted rind |
| Flesh Color | Pale Yellow |
| Flavor/Aroma | Mildly tart, fresh flavor |
| Taste | Sour |
| Seed | Ovoid, elliptic or ovate, pointed, smooth, small up to 10 mm long with one to numerous embryo(s) and milky-white cotyledons. |
| Varieties/Types |
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| Major Nutrition | Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) 112.4 mg (124.89%) Iron, Fe 1.27 mg (15.88%) Total dietary Fiber 5.9 g (15.53%) Carbohydrate 19.76 g (15.20%) Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) 0.17 mg (13.08%) Copper, Cu 0.078 mg (8.67%) Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid) 0.403 mg (8.06%) Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) 0.085 mg (7.08%) Potassium, K 293 mg (6.23%) Vitamin B9 (Folate) 23 µg (5.75%) |
| Health Benefits |
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| Calories in 1 cup (212 gm) | 61 K cal |