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    Home»Herbs and Spices»Facts and benefits of Cape jasmine
    Herbs and Spices

    Facts and benefits of Cape jasmine

    By SylviaJuly 30, 2019Updated:July 30, 2019No Comments10 Mins Read
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    Cape Jasmine Quick Facts
    Name: Cape Jasmine
    Scientific Name: Gardenia jasminoides
    Origin Asia and is most commonly found growing wild in Vietnam, Southern China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Myanmar, India and Bangladesh
    Colors Initially green turning to yellow to red at maturity
    Shapes Berrylike, ellipsoid to ovoid, 2.5-4.5 cm long by 1.5-2 cm, crowned by persistent calyx
    Taste Bitter
    Health benefits Beneficial for fever, inflammation of the eyes, tinnitus, jaundice, epistaxis, sore throat, viral hepatitis, febrile diseases, ophthalmia, hemoptysis, bloody stools, dysuria, burns, boils and impetigo
    Gardenia jasminoides, commonly called common gardenia or Cape jasmine, is an evergreen flowering plant of the coffee family Rubiaceae. The plant is native to Asia and is most commonly found growing wild in Vietnam, Southern China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Myanmar, India and Bangladesh. The plant has got several common names including common gardenia, garden gardenia, cape jasmine, cape Jessamine, Danh Danh, Fleur Jaune, Gardênia, Gardenia, Gardenia augusta, Gardenia florida, Gardenia jasminoides, Gardénia Jasminoïdes, Gardenia radicans, Jasmin, Jasmin Do Cabo, Jasmin du Cap, Varneria augusta and Zhi Zi. The generic name Gardenia is named in honor of Alexander Garden (1730-1791) of Charleston, South Carolina who was a botanist, zoologist, physician, and correspondent to John Ellis, zoologist, and Carolus Linnaeus, who planned the classification of genus/species we presently used today. Specific epithet means like jasmine.

    With its shiny green leaves and heavily fragrant white summer flowers, it is extensively used in gardens in warm temperate and subtropical climates, and as a houseplant in temperate regions. It has been in cultivation in China for at least a thousand years, and was introduced to English gardens in the mid-18th century. Many varieties have been produced for horticulture, with low-growing, and large, and long-flowering forms.

    Plant Description

    Cape jasmine is a smooth, unarmed, perennial, evergreen, woody shrub that grows about 6-8 ft. (1.8-2.4 m) tall with almost equal spread. Roots are quite strong.  Stem is up to 10 cm in diameter and is usually much branched with greyish bark. The plant is found growing in thickets, forests at stream sides, on mountain slopes, on hills, or in valleys and fields. The plant prefers well-drained, fertile, friable soil with high organic matter. The plant is salt intolerant and somewhat drought tolerant. Leaves are opposite, elliptic– ovate, 5–15 cm long and 2-7 cm wide acuminate or obtuse and cuneate at the base, glossy green, smooth and short petioled, 0.2–0.5 cm long. Stipules are large, tubular and obliquely opened on one side.

    Flowers and Fruits

    Flowers are large, solitary in the axils of the upper leaves, sub-sessile and very fragrant. Calyx is 5-8-lobed, persistent corolla white, later yellowish, tube is 3 cm long, lobes 5-8, spreading; anthers as many as corolla lobes, linear and sessile. Ovary is inferior, style long and stigmas are capitate. Fertile flowers are followed by leathery, ovoid or ellipsoid berries that are 2.5-4.5 cm long and 1.5-2 cm wide, 5-ribbed, crowned with the persistent calyx. The fruits are initially green turning to yellow to red at maturity, containing numerous discoid seeds with tuberculate testa.

    Recommended varieties

    1. Gardenia jasminoides ‘Belmont’

    It is densely bushy plant and bears large, fragrant, many petaled, white flowers that turn cream colored as they age. This variety is often sold as cut flowers by florists.

    2. Gardenia jasminoides ‘Fortuniana’ (Gardenia jasminoides ‘Florida’)

    It is a less bushy plant with medium size, rather waxy, snowy-white, many petaled flowers that turn yellowish with age.

    3. Gardenia jasminoides ‘Veitchii’

    It has a dense growth and medium size, many petaled flowers which normally remain pure white. This variety can be brought into flower in early winter by dis-budding (having their flower buds picked off at an early stage) throughout summer and early autumn.

    4. Gardenia jasminoides ‘White Gem’

    It is a dwarf variety reaching only 60cm (24 inch) tall. It is one of the most common species of Gardenia for growing indoors.

    5. Gardenia jasminoides ‘Radicans’

    It has an upright form, making it a favorite for shaping a gardenia tree. It is perfect for creating a Gardenia bonsai.

    Cape jasmine Image Gallery
    Cape-jasmine-essential-oil Cape-jasmine-essential-oil
    Cape-jasmine-flowers-for-decoration Cape-jasmine-flowers-for-decoration
    Cape-jasmine-plant Cape-jasmine-plant
    Cape-jasmine-plant-grown-on-the-pot Cape-jasmine-plant-grown-on-the-pot
    Dried-fruits-of-Cape-jasmine Dried-fruits-of-Cape-jasmine
    Flowering-bud-of-Cape-jasmine Flowering-bud-of-Cape-jasmine
    Flower-of-Cape-jasmine Flower-of-Cape-jasmine
    Immature-fruit-of-Cape-jasmine Immature-fruit-of-Cape-jasmine
    Leaves-of-Cape-jasmine Leaves-of-Cape-jasmine
    Mature-fruits-of-Cape-jasmine Mature-fruits-of-Cape-jasmine
    Plant-Illustration-of-Cape-jasmine Plant-Illustration-of-Cape-jasmine
    Sketch-of-Cape-jasmine Sketch-of-Cape-jasmine

    Health benefits of Cape jasmine tea

    Listed below are some of the well-known benefits of consuming Cape jasmine tea

    1. Alleviate Restlessness and Irritability

    Cape jasmine tea can be used for yin deficiency disorders, which include irritability, restlessness, sensations of tightness in the chest and insomnia. It is also used in formulas to treat anxiety and insomnia. Menopause can cause these symptoms, and menopausal women can also consume Cape jasmine tea to alleviate related symptoms, such as depression, headaches and dizziness. As with all herbal remedies, a physician should be referred prior to using Cape jasmine tea to treat health disorders.

    2. Urinary Treatment

    Cape jasmine is often used in Chinese herbal formulas to treat bladder infections and painful urinary dysfunction resulting from damp-heat syndrome, which distracts the function of the bladder, according to the Institute for Traditional Medicine. It has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine, but there is no Western scientific research available that supports the use of Cape jasmine for these health disorders.

    Traditional uses and benefits of Cape jasmine

    • Cape jasmine has been used for centuries as a traditional oriental herbal remedy.
    • Leaves and fruit possess analgesic, antibacterial, antifebrile, demulcent, cholagogic and diuretic properties.
    • They are used in treating fever, inflammation of the eyes, tinnitus, jaundice, epistaxis, sore throat, viral hepatitis, febrile diseases, ophthalmia, hemoptysis, bloody stools, dysuria, burns, boils and impetigo.
    • Cape jasmine fruit is used in folkloric traditional medicine as anti-phlogistic, diuretic, laxative and choleretic and for treatment of hepatic and inflammatory diseases and for hemostatic purposes in the treatment of trauma by external application.
    • In China the smaller fruit are used for fevers, fluxes, dropsies, lung diseases and jaundice.
    • Larger fruit is more particularly used externally, the pulp being applied to swellings and to injuries and to such ailments as wine-nose, dog bite, slight burns and scalds.
    • An infusion of the flowers is used as an emollient and as an anti-ophthalmic in China.
    • Poultice of pounded fresh leaves is effective for wounds, phlegmon and acute conjunctivitis.
    • Wee and Hsuan reported that the fruits are used as a remedy for vomiting of blood, bleeding, jaundice, acute gonorrhea, sores, boils, abscesses and inflammation.
    • Seeds are used also for jaundice, rheumatism and twisted muscles.
    • Flowers and roots are used to regulate blood flow, to control bleeding and to increase menstrual flow.
    • Cape jasmine fruit is a common drug used in folk medicine; it is used for treating jaundice, insomnia with restlessness, eye inflammation, tinnitus, dysuria, bloody stools, epistaxis and hemoptysis and useful for relief of sprains and bruises in Vietnam.
    • Poultice of pounded leaves is used for conjunctivitis.
    • Decoction of G. jasminoides, Adenosma glutinosum and Plumeria acutifolia bark is administered for viral hepatitis in Vietnam.
    • For jaundice and febrile diseases with restlessness, a decoction of G. jasminoides, Phellodendron amurense and Glycyrrhiza uralensis is used orally.
    • For Haemoptysis and hematemesis, a salty decoction of Gardenia fruit, Sophora japonica and Pueraria thomsonii is given orally.
    • For burning sensation in the head, ophthalmia, tinnitus and epistaxis, a decoction of Gardenia fruit and Cassia tora is taken orally.
    • For hemoptysis and epistaxis, Gardenia fruit and Imperata cylindrical decoction is used.
    • Poultice of pounded fruit is applied topically for sprains and bruises.
    • For burns, carbonized Cape jasmine fruit is powdered, mixed with egg albumin and made into a paste for external application.
    • Charred, powdered fruit is blown into nostrils for epistaxis.
    • Leaves are used in poultices and applied to swollen breasts and used for headache in Malaysia.
    • Leaves and roots are used internally; the leaves are crushed with sugar to cure fever and the roots for fever with delirium.
    • Lotion for cooling the heads of children is prepared by boiling Cape jasmine and Acacia myriophylla.
    • Fruit is emetic, stimulant and diuretic and is considered a cooling remedy.
    • They are used for jaundice, for kidney and lung complaints.

    Ayurvedic health benefits of Cape jasmine

    • Jaundice: Grind dried Gardenia. Take one teaspoon powder with lukewarm water.
    • Rheumatism: Take one teaspoon powder of Gardenia Seeds twice a day.
    • Fever: Make a decoction using bark of Gardenia. Drink 10 ml thrice a day.
    • Dysentery: Drink bark decoction of Gardenia twice a day.
    • Urinary Problems: Add 2 g bark powder of Gardenia in a cup of warm water. Drink it twice a day.
    • Abdominal Pain: Boil 10 g Gardenia bark in 500 ml water. Store. Drink 5 ml thrice a day.
    • Flatulence: Grind dried root of Gardenia to make powder. Take quarter tsp. with a cup of warm water.
    • Headache: Heat few leaves of Gardenia. Use them as poultice on Forehead.
    • Flu: Take flower, root and leaves of Gardenia. Boil and strain. Drink 30 ml of the decoction twice a day.
    • Palpitation: Crush 10 g each of flowers and leaves of Gardenia. Boil them in 100 ml water. Drink a cup of it when symptoms arise.
    • Ascaris: Extract juice from fruit of Gardenia. Take 1 tsp. once a day.
    • Burns: Crush fruit of Gardenia to make paste. Apply it over Burn.
    • Jaundice: Make a decoction of Rhubarb root, Water Plantain leaves, Gardenia fruit and Knot grass leaves. Take it twice a day.
    • Dysuria: Prepare a decoction of Herba Plantaginis seed, Akebia Vine stem, and Gardenia fruit. Take it twice a day.

    Dosing considerations for Cape jasmine

    The appropriate dose of Cape jasmine depends on several factors such as the user’s age, health, and several other conditions. At this time there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of doses for gardenia. Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult your pharmacist or physician or other healthcare professional before using.

    Culinary Uses

    • An edible yellow dye is obtained from the fruit and is used for coloring food in China, Japan and Korea.
    • Yellow dye is used for coloring bean curd in Guangzhou in China.
    • Dye is used to color boiled beans, fish eggs, hot cakes, sweets, liquor, noodles, candies, ices and imitation crab in Japan.
    • Gardenia yellow dye is used in making yellow mung bean jelly called ‘hwangpomuk’ in Korea.
    • ‘Hwangpomuk’ is a noted staple food of Namwon and also Jeonju (both cities in the North Jeolla Province, Korea), where it is a common ingredient of Jeonju-style bibimbap in the Jeolla cuisine.
    • Jelly is commonly served in small chunks seasoned with vinegar, soy sauce and other condiments; this side dish is called hwangpomuk-muchim.
    • Mild sweet Gardenia blossoms are edible and used dried or fresh to impart fragrance to jasmine tea in the Far East.
    • This tea is reported beneficial to people with hepatitis.
    • Fresh Gardenia flowers can be tucked into a tin of tea to scent the tea.
    • Blossoms tucked into rice, oats or sago will impart the same mild sweet fragrance.
    • Gardenia flowers can be added to sugar, drinks, fruit salads, cakes, desserts and syrups.
    • Some recipes include Gardenia milk shake, Gardenia chocolate mousse and Gardenia and litchi fruit salad.
    • Gardenia flowers are also eaten raw as delicacy, pickled or preserved in honey, and they are called mi-ts’ai.

    Other Facts

    • It is also planted as windbreak, hedge and ornamental.
    • Gardenia flowers are used for cut flowers and in making wreaths, bouquets, etc.
    • It is a favorite in the United States for corsages, being second only to Cattleya orchid.
    • An essential oil extracted from the flowers is used in perfumery and cosmetic preparations.
    • Gardenia fruits also have been used as a yellow dye for staining foods and fabrics.
    • Yellow dye from the fruit is used for textiles in Thailand.
    • Yellow color components of Gardenia fruits contained carotenoids and related compounds.
    • Colorless components of Gardenia fruits can also produce blue colorants by a simple modification of an enzyme reaction followed by the treatment of primary amines.
    • Fragrant flowers are used in perfumery; detached flowers are often floated in small containers of water to impart some sweet fragrance to rooms.

    References:

    https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=35163#null

    https://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/82765/

    https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/24734

    http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=b555

    https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=GAJA

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardenia_jasminoides

    https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=70315

    http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-88270

    https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/229819

    http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Gardenia.html

    https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/GADJA

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    Cape Jasmine Facts

    Name Cape Jasmine
    Scientific Name Gardenia jasminoides
    Native Asia and is most commonly found growing wild in Vietnam, Southern China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Myanmar, India and Bangladesh
    Common Names Common Gardenia, Garden Gardenia, Cape Jasmine, Cape Jessamine, Danh Danh, Fleur Jaune, Gardênia, Gardénia, Gardenia augusta, Gardenia florida, Gardenia jasminoides, Gardénia Jasminoïdes, Gardenia radicans, Jasmin, Jasmin Do Cabo, Jasmin du Cap, Varneria augusta, Zhi Zi
    Name in Other Languages Assamese Togor, Gondharaj
    Bengali: Gandharaj (গংধৰাজ)
    Brazil : Gardênia
    Chinese : Chin Tzu, Shān Zhī Zǐ, Shiu Heng Chi, Shui Heng Zhi, Zhi Zi (栀子)
    Cook Islands : Tiare Taina
    Czech : Gardénie Jasmínovitá
    Danish : Almindelig Gardenia
    Dutch: Kaapse jasmijn, knoopsgatbloem
    English: Cape Jasmine, Cape Jessamine, danh-danh, gardenia, jasmin
    Estonian : Jasmiingardeenia
    French : Gardenia, Jasmin du Cap
    German : Gardenie, Kap Gardenie, Kap Jasmin, Jasminglanz, Blueten- Gardenie
    Hindi: Gandhraj (गंधराज)
    Indonesia : Chepiring, Cheplokpiring, Kacapiring, Pechiring, Kacapiring
    Italian : Gardenia
    Japanese : Kuchinashi (クチナシ), San Shi Shi
    Kannada: Suvasane Malle
    Korean : Chi Ja Na Mu
    Laos : Inthavaa, Ph’ud
    Malaysia : Buah Patah, Buah Batek, Buah Kuning, Bunga Cina, Bunga Susu, Kaca Piring
    Manipuri: Kaboklei (কবোকলৈ)
    Marathi: Gandroya
    Netherlands: jasmijn, Kaapse, knoopsgatbloem
    Philippines : Garden Gardenia, Rosal
    Pohnpei : Ioseph Sarawi
    Polish : Gardenia Jasminowata
    Portuguese : Jasmin-Do-Cabo, gardénia
    Russian : Gardenia, gardeniya zhasminovidnaya (гардения жасминовидная)
    Spanish : Gardenia, jasmin del cabo
    Swedish : Gardenia
    Thai : Phut, Phut Chin, Phut Son, Phut Yai, Phut-Tharaksaa, Khet-Thawaa
    Urdu: Gulchand (गुलचांद)
    Vietnamese : Dành Dành
    Plant Growth Habit Smooth, unarmed, perennial, evergreen, woody shrub
    Growing Climates Thickets, forests at stream sides, on mountain slopes, on hills, or in valleys and fields
    Soil Prefers well-drained, fertile, friable soil with high organic matter. The plant is salt intolerant and somewhat drought tolerant
    Plant Size 6-8 ft. (1.8-2.4 m) high with almost equal spread
    Bark Greyish bark
    Leaf Opposite, elliptic– ovate, 3–10 cm long, acuminate or obtuse and cuneate at the base, glossy green, smooth and short petioled, 0.2–0.5 cm long. Stipules large, tubular and obliquely opened on one side
    Flower Flowers large and very fragrant, white turning yellowish and solitary at the end of branchlets, pedicels 3–6 mm long with tubular stipule-like bracts, hypanthia turbinate, 6-ridged, 10–12 mm long, sepals 6, obtuse and persistent, corolla salverform, tube 30 mm long, limbs 30–60 mm across deeply 6-lobed
    Fruit Shape & Size Berrylike, ellipsoid to ovoid, 2.5-4.5 cm long and 1.5-2 cm wide, crowned by persistent calyx with juicy placentae
    Fruit Color Initially green turning to yellow to red at maturity
    Seed Numerous discoid seeds with tuberculate testa
    Propagation By soft wood cutting in spring and hard wood cuttings in summer or from seeds
    Taste Bitter
    Plant Parts Used Fruits, roots and leaves
    Precautions
    • Avoid use during loss of appetite due to cold.

    Cape jasmine Scientific Classification

    Scientific Name: Gardenia jasminoides

    Rank Scientific Name & (Common Name)
    Kingdom Plantae (Plants)
    Subkingdom Tracheobionta (Vascular plants)
    Infrakingdom Streptophyta  (land plants)
    Superdivision Spermatophyta (Seed plants)
    Division Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants)
    Subdivision Spermatophytina  (spermatophytes, seed plants, phanérogames)
    Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons)
    Subclass Asteridae
    Superorder Asteranae
    Order Rubiales
    Family Rubiaceae (Madder family)
    Genus Gardenia Ellis (gardenia)
    Species Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Cape jasmine)
    Synonyms
    • Gardenia angusta Merr.
    • Gardenia angustifolia G.Lodd.
    • Gardenia angustifolia var. kosyunensis (Sasaki) Masam.
    • Gardenia augusta Merr.
    • Gardenia augusta f. shanpinensis F.C.Ho
    • Gardenia augusta var. grandiflora (Lour.) Sasaki
    • Gardenia augusta var. kosyunensis Sasaki
    • Gardenia augusta var. longisepala Masam.
    • Gardenia augusta var. ovalifolia (Sims) Sasaki
    • Gardenia florida L.
    • Gardenia florida f. oblanceolata Nakai
    • Gardenia florida f. simpliciflora Makino
    • Gardenia florida f. thunbergii Makino
    • Gardenia florida subsp. variegata Carrière
    • Gardenia florida var. fortuneana Lindl.
    • Gardenia florida var. grandiflora (Lour.) Franch. & Sav.
    • Gardenia florida var. maruba (Siebold ex Blume) Matsum.
    • Gardenia florida var. ovalifolia Sims
    • Gardenia florida var. plena Voigt
    • Gardenia florida var. radicans (Thunb.) Matsum.
    • Gardenia grandiflora Lour.
    • Gardenia grandiflora Siebold
    • Gardenia grandiflora Siebold ex Zucc.
    • Gardenia jasminoides f. albomarginata H.Hara
    • Gardenia jasminoides f. albovariegata H.Hara
    • Gardenia jasminoides f. aureovariegata Nakai
    • Gardenia jasminoides f. grandiflora (Lour.) Makino
    • Gardenia jasminoides f. kueishanensis F.C.Ho
    • Gardenia jasminoides f. longicarpa Z.M.Xie & M.Okada
    • Gardenia jasminoides f. maruba (Siebold ex Blume) Nakai
    • Gardenia jasminoides f. maruba (Siebold ex Blume) Nakai ex Ishii
    • Gardenia jasminoides f. oblanceolata (Nakai) Nakai
    • Gardenia jasminoides f. ovalifolia (Sims) H.Hara
    • Gardenia jasminoides f. simpliciflora (Makino) Makino
    • Gardenia jasminoides f. variegata (Carrière) Nakai
    • Gardenia jasminoides var. fortuneana (Lindl.) H.Hara
    • Gardenia jasminoides var. grandiflora (Lour.) Nakai
    • Gardenia jasminoides var. jasminoides
    • Gardenia jasminoides var. kosyunensis (Sasaki) Masam.
    • Gardenia jasminoides var. longisepala (Masam.) Metcalf
    • Gardenia jasminoides var. maruba (Siebold ex Blume) Nakai
    • Gardenia jasminoides var. ovalifolia (Sims) Nakai
    • Gardenia jasminoides var. plena (Voigt) M.R.Almeida
    • Gardenia jasminoides var. radicans (Thunb.) Makino
    • Gardenia jasminoides var. variegata (Carrière) Makino
    • Gardenia longisepala (Masam.) Masam.
    • Gardenia maruba Siebold ex Blume
    • Gardenia pictorum Hassk.
    • Gardenia radicans Thunb.
    • Gardenia radicans subsp. variegata Carrière
    • Gardenia radicans var. simpliciflora (Makino) Nakai
    • Gardenia schlechteri H.Lév.
    • Genipa florida (L.) Baill.
    • Genipa grandiflora (Lour.) Baill.
    • Genipa radicans (Thunb.) Baill.
    • Jasminum capense Mill.
    • Mussaenda chinensis Lour.
    • Varneria augusta L.
    • Warneria augusta L.
    • Warneria augusta infrasubsp. validly
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