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    Home»Herbs and Spices»Facts about China Pink
    Herbs and Spices

    Facts about China Pink

    By SylviaAugust 8, 2021Updated:August 9, 2021No Comments7 Mins Read
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    Dianthus chinensis, commonly called China pink is a short-lived perennial garden plants belonging to Caryophyllaceae (Pink family). The plant is native to northern China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi and Xinjiang), Korea, Mongolia, Kazakhstan and southeastern Russia and has naturalized in southern China. Popular common names of the plants are Annual Pink, China Pink, Chinese Pink, Dianthus, Pinks, French Mignonette, Indian Pink, Japanese Pink and Rainbow Pink. Genus name comes from the Greek words dios meaning divine and anthos meaning flower. Specific epithet means of China. It is a perennial herbaceous plant with great ornamental, botanical, ecological, and medicinal value.

    China Pink Facts

    China pink Quick Facts
    Name: China pink
    Scientific Name: Dianthus chinensis
    Origin Northern China, Korea, Mongolia, Kazakhstan and southeastern Russia
    Shapes Capsule, sub-sessile, ovoid-cylindrical, and dehiscing by 4 teeth
    Health benefits Beneficial for urinary tract infections (especially cystitis), urinary stones, constipation and failure to menstruate and to treat skin inflammations and swellings
    Name China pink
    Scientific Name Dianthus chinensis
    Native Northern China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi and Xinjiang), Korea, Mongolia, Kazakhstan and southeastern Russia and has naturalized in southern China
    Common Names Annual Pink, China Pink, Chinese Pink, Dianthus, Pinks, French Mignonette, Indian Pink, Japanese Pink, Rainbow Pink
    Name in Other Languages Armenian: Mekhak ch’inakan (Մեխակ չինական)
    Azerbaijani: Çin qərənfili
    Basque: Txinatar krabelin
    Bulgarian: Kitaĭski karamfil (китайски карамфил)
    Burmese: Zaw-Hmwa-Gale
    Catalan: Clavell del Japó
    Chinese : Qú Mài, Shi Zhu (石竹), Jiǎn rónghuā (剪絨花), Luòyáng huā (洛陽花)
    Czech: Hvozdík, hvozdík čínský
    Danish: Kineser-nellike
    Dutch: Chinese anjer     
    English: China pink, Indian pink, Japanese pink, Annual pink, Chinese Pink, Dianthus, Pink, Rainbow pink, Chinese pink,
    Estonian: Hiina nelk
    Euskera : Krabelin txinar
    Filipino: Clavel
    Finnish: Kiinanneilikka
    French : L’oeillet De La Chine, Oeillet de Chine, oeillet des poêtes
    German : Chinenser-Nelke, Kaiser-Nelke, Chinesische Nelke
    Japanese : Kara-Nadeshiko (カラナデシコ), Sekichiku  (セキチク)
    Kalmyk: Bašr cecg (Башр цецг)
    Korean : Kara-Nadeshiko, paeraenikkot, paelaeng-ikkoch (패랭이꽃)
    Lithuanian: Kininis gvazdikas
    Norwegian: Kiinesernellik
    Philippines : Clavel
    Polish : Goździk Chiński
    Portuguese : Cravina-da-Arrábida, cravina-da-China, cravinhos-da-China, Cravina, Cravina-dos-jardins, Cravinha, Cravo, craveiro-da-china            
    Russian: Gvozdika kitayskaya (гвозжика китайская)       
    Spanish : Clavel Chino, Clavellina, clavel del Japón            
    Swedish : Sommarnejlika
    Turkish : Çin Karanfili
    Ukrainian: Gvozdika kitayskaya (гвоздика китайська)   
    Upper Sorbian: Chinska nalika
    Plant Growth Habit Small, glabrous, herbaceous, biennials or short-lived perennials garden plants
    Growing Climates Forest edges, forest grasslands, scrub on mountain slopes, hillside grasslands, dry hillsides, sandy hill summits, valleys, rocky ravines, meadows, stream sides, mountain stream wetlands, rocks, steppes, steppe sands, fixed dunes, seashores, sparse forests
    Soil Requires well-drained, neutral to slightly alkaline soil and full sun to partial shade
    Plant Size 30–50 cm high
    Stem Stem erect or ascending, branched dichotomously and distally, glabrous or sparsely pubescent with minute hairs, rootstock stout, short
    Leaf Leaves are green to greyish green, slender, 3–5 cm long and 2–4 mm broad. The basal leaves are usually already withered during flowering; the leaves remain on the stem
    Flowering season July to August
    Flower Flowers, 2.5–4 cm across, solitary or in a few flowered cymes with four ovate bracts and on 1–3 cm pedicels; calyx cylindric with lanceolate 5 mm, pointed teeth; petals 1.6–2 cm; limb bright red, purple-red, pink or white, obovate triangular, throat spotted and laxly bearded, apex irregularly dentate; stamens exserted; ovary sub oblong, style linear
    Fruit Shape & Size Capsule, sub-sessile, ovoid-cylindrical, and dehiscing by 4 teeth
    Seed Seeds are many, flattened-roundish, compressed dorsi-ventrally, blackish brown
    Propagation By seed
    Season August to September

    Plant Description

    China pink is a small, glabrous, herbaceous, biennials or short-lived perennials garden plants that normally grows about 30–50 cm high. The plant is found growing in forest edges, forest grasslands, scrub on mountain slopes, hillside grasslands, dry hillsides, sandy hill summits, valleys, rocky ravines, meadows, stream sides, mountain stream wetlands, rocks, steppes, steppe sands, fixed dunes, seashores and sparse forests. The plant requires well-drained, neutral to slightly alkaline soil and full sun to partial shade. Stem is erect or ascending, branched dichotomously and distally, glabrous or sparsely pubescent with minute hairs, rootstock is stout and short.

    Leaves

    Leaves are simple, opposite, densely clustered near the base, linear lanceolate, about 3-5.5 cm long and  0.2-0.4 cm wide, base slightly connate, margin entire, thickened, apex acuminate, midrib thick, tri-nerved or penta-nerved. Radical leaves are about 5-6.5 cm long while cauline leaves are about 2-4 cm long, becoming smaller towards the apex, glabrous, petiole sessile. The leaves are green to greyish green colored. The basal leaves are usually already withered during flowering; the leaves remain on the stem.

    Flower

    Inflorescence usually occurs in terminal, few flowered or solitary. Flowers are bisexual, pedicel about 2-5 mm long, bracts 4, paired, ovate, margins scarious, bracteoles 4, broadly cuspidate, about half as long as calyx, with foliaceous points, calyx tubular or sub cylindrical, veins 7, without scarious commissures, apically 5 toothed, teeth triangular, with acuminate tip, margins ciliolate, scarious, about 8.5-11 mm long and 2-3.5 mm across, petals 5, free, spathulate-obovate, white, dark pink, purplish, base clawed, pubescent, auricles absent, margin acutely serrate, incurved, apex bifid, about 2.5-3.5 mm long. Stamens usually 10, filaments distinct, anthers 2-locular, dark blue or purplish, dorsifixed, staminodes absent, nectarines present. Ovary superior, unilocular, ovules numerous, staminodes absent, gynophore long, styles 2, filiform, stigmas. Flowering normally takes place in between July to August.

    Flowers-of-China-pink Flowers-of-China-pink
    China-pink-Plant-growing-wild China-pink-Plant-growing-wild
    Different-Varieties-of-China-pink Different-Varieties-of-China-pink
    Plant-Illustration-of-China-pink Plant-Illustration-of-China-pink
    Leaves-of-China-pink Leaves-of-China-pink
    China-pink-Plant China-pink-Plant
    Closer-view-of-flower-of-China-pink Closer-view-of-flower-of-China-pink
    China-pink-Plant-grown-on-pot China-pink-Plant-grown-on-pot
    Sketch-of-China-pink Sketch-of-China-pink
    China pink Image Gallery

    Fruit

    Fertile flowers are followed by capsule, sub-sessile, ovoid-cylindrical, and dehiscing by 4 teeth, carpophores present. Seeds are many, flattened-roundish, compressed dorsi-ventrally, blackish brown, embryo erect, granulate.

    Traditional uses and benefits of China Pink

    • The Chinese pink has been used for over 3,000 years in Chinese herbal medicine.
    • The whole plant is a bitter tonic herb that encourages the digestive and urinary systems and also the bowels.
    • It is also anthelmintic, antibacterial, anti-phlogistic, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge and hemostatic.
    • It is used internally in the treatment of acute urinary tract infections (especially cystitis), urinary stones, constipation and failure to menstruate and externally to treat skin inflammations and swellings.
    • The old leaves are crushed and used for clearing eyesight.
    • Qu Mai (dried aerial parts of Dianthus chinensis) is used in Chinese herbal medicine to promote urination and menstruation, to break up blood stasis and to treat red, sore and swollen eyes.
    • This herb is used as a folk remedy for the treatment of menostasis, gonorrhea and cough and as a diuretic and emmenagogue in Korea.
    • The plants are harvested just before the flowers open and are dried for later use.

    Culinary Uses

    • Like most Dianthus, it has a pleasant spicy, floral, clove-like taste and is ideal for decorating or adding to cakes.
    • They also make a colorful garnish to soups, salads and the punch bowl.
    • It is advisable to remove the bitter white base of the petal.
    • Fresh dianthus petals added in liven up salads, sandwiches and pies.
    • In addition, the petals of the flowers, when crystallized, make beautiful decorations for cakes and pastries.

    Other Facts

    • The species is popularly cultivated as an ornamental garden plant.
    • It is excellent for beds, borders, edgings, rock gardens and pots.

    Precautions

    • Dianthus can stimulate the uterus, so you should not use it for pregnant or lactating females.
    • Over dosage of dianthus can cause prolonged contractions of the uterus.

    References:

    https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=502028#null

    https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=13827

    https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Dianthus+chinensis

    http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=a574

    http://www.narc.gov.jo/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=13827

    http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200007038

    http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2764027

    http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2764027

    https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=DIANT

    https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/DINCH

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianthus_chinensis

    https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/229512

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    China pink Scientific Classification

    Scientific Name: Dianthus chinensis

    Rank Scientific Name & (Common Name)
    Kingdom Plantae (Plants)
    Subkingdom Tracheobionta (Vascular plants)
    Infrakingdom Streptophyta  (land plants)
    Superdivision Spermatophyta (Seed plants)
    Division Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants)
    Sub Division Spermatophytina  (spermatophytes, seed plants, phanérogames)
    Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons)
    Subclass Caryophyllidae
    Super Order Caryophyllanae
    Order Caryophyllales
    Family Caryophyllaceae (Pink family)
    Genus Dianthus L. (pink)
    Species Dianthus chinensis
    Synonyms
    • Dianthus altaicus Willd. ex Ledeb
    • Dianthus amurensis Jacques      
    • Dianthus chinensis f. albiflora Y.N.Lee
    • Dianthus chinensis var. amurensis (Jacq.) Kitag
    • Dianthus chinensis var. dentosus (Fisch. ex Rchb.) Debeaux
    • Dianthus chinensis var. ignescens Nakai               
    • Dianthus chinensis f. ignescens (Nakai) Kitag
    • Dianthus chinensis var. jingpoensis G.Y.Zhang & X.Y.Yuan
    • Dianthus chinensis var. liaotungensis Y.C.Chu
    • Dianthus chinensis var. longisquama Nakai & Kitag. Dianthus chinensis var. macrosepalus Franch. ex L.H.Bailey
    • Dianthus chinensis var. morii (Nakai) Y.C.Chu
    • Dianthus chinensis subsp. paracampestris Vorosch.
    • Dianthus chinensis var. serpens Y.N.Lee               
    • Dianthus chinensis var. shandongensis J.X.Li, F.Q.Zhou
    • Dianthus chinensis var. subulifolius (Kitag.) Y.C.Ma
    • Dianthus chinensis var. sylvaticus W.D.J.Koch
    • Dianthus chinensis var. trinervis D.Q.Lu
    • Dianthus chinensis var. versicolor (Fisch. ex Link) Y.C.Ma              
    • Dianthus chinensis subsp. versicolor (Fisch. ex Link) Vorosch
    • Dianthus dentosus Fisch. ex Rchb
    • Dianthus fischeri Spreng
    • Dianthus ibericus Willd
    • Dianthus jeniseensis Less. ex Ledeb
    • Dianthus laciniatus Makino
    • Dianthus morii Nakai
    • Dianthus ochroleucus Link
    • Dianthus patens Willd
    • Dianthus pineticola Kleopow
    • Dianthus pulcher Salisb
    • Dianthus ruthenicus Roem. ex Poir
    • Dianthus scaber Schleich. ex Suter
    • Dianthus schraderi Rchb
    • Dianthus seguieri var. dentosus (Fisch. ex Rchb.) Franch.
    • Dianthus sequieri Chaix
    • Dianthus sequieri var. dentosus (Fisch. ex Rchb.) Franch
    • Dianthus sinensis Link
    • Dianthus subulifolius Kitag
    • Dianthus subulifolius f. leucopetalus Kitag
    • Dianthus tataricus Fisch
    • Dianthus umbellatus DC
    • Dianthus versicolor Fisch. ex Link
    • Dianthus versicolor f. leucopetalus (Kitag.) Y.C.Chu
    • Dianthus versicolor var. ninelli G.A.Peschkova
    • Dianthus versicolor var. subulifolius (Kitag.) Y.C.Chu
    • Dianthus willdenowii Link
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