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    Home»Herbs and Spices»Facts about Creeping thistle
    Herbs and Spices

    Facts about Creeping thistle

    By SylviaNovember 24, 2019Updated:December 17, 2019No Comments9 Mins Read
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    Creeping thistle Quick Facts
    Name: Creeping thistle
    Scientific Name: Cirsium arvense
    Origin Southeastern Europe and the eastern Mediterranean area
    Colors Straw or light-brown
    Shapes Pappus copious, white, feathery, 20-30 mm long on mature achenes
    Health benefits Beneficial for toothache, indigestion, rheumatic joint pains, bleeding piles and treat worms in children
    Cirsium arvense commonly known as creeping thistle is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. The plant is native to southeastern Europe and the eastern Mediterranean area, and was probably introduced to North America. In addition to North America, Canada thistle is invasive in northern and southern Africa, the Middle East, Japan, India, New Zealand, Australia, and South America. The Standard English name in its native area is creeping thistle. Few of the popular common names of the plant are Creeping thistle, Field thistle, Californian thistle, Canadian thistle, lettuce from hell thistle, corn thistle, cursed thistle, field thistle, green thistle, hard thistle, perennial thistle, prickly thistle, small-flowered thistle, way thistle, Cardo cundidor, Choussio, Ciji, Da khawarak azghai, Honghuamiao, Ohtja, Koygocerten, Koygocuren, Ohakas, Perticone, Stioppone, Stramontano, stinger-needles, boar thistle, bull thistle, California thistle, Canada thistle, perennial creeping thistle and swamp thistle. In the past, C. arvense has been used beneficially as a medicinal and edible herb. The plant is beneficial for pollinators that depend on nectar.

    Plant Description

    Creeping thistle is a patch forming, herbaceous, rhizomatous creeping perennial plant that grows about 1 to 6.5 feet (0.3-2 m) tall. The plant is found growing in both disturbed (tilled) and no-tillage agricultural fields, arable land, roadsides, cultivated land, stream banks, ditches, lake shores, seashores, sand dunes, other open sandy areas, in clear cuts and forest openings, wet-mesic grasslands, prairie potholes, overgrazed pastures, meadows, fence rows, campgrounds, road building and pasture. The plant grows on all waterlogged, poorly aerated, and peat soils, including clay, clay loam, silt loam, sandy loam, sandy clay, sand dunes, gravel, limestone, and chalk. It also grows best on limestone soils with abundant moisture.

    Creeping Thistle facts

    Name Creeping thistle
    Scientific Name Cirsium arvense
    Native Southeastern Europe and the eastern Mediterranean area, and was probably introduced to North America. In addition to North America, Canada thistle is invasive in northern and southern Africa, the Middle East, Japan, India, New Zealand, Australia, and South America
    Common Names Creeping thistle, Field thistle, Californian thistle, Canadian thistle, lettuce from hell thistle, corn thistle, cursed thistle, field thistle, green thistle, hard thistle, perennial thistle, prickly thistle, small-flowered thistle, way thistle, Cardo cundidor, Choussio, Ciji, Da khawarak azghai, Honghuamiao,Koygocerten, Koygocuren, Ohakas, Ohtja, Perticone, Stioppone, Stramontano, stinger-needles, boar thistle, bull thistle, California thistle, Canada thistle, perennial creeping thistle, swamp thistle
    Name in Other Languages Albanian: Gjembi i arave, cirza e arave, perenik
    Armenian: Tatask aleher (Տատասկ ալեհեր), Tatask dashtayin (Տատասկ դաշտային)
    Azerbaijan: Bozumtul gangal (Бозумтул гангал), Chöl gangal (Чөл гангал)
    Arabic: Qaswan haqlay (قصوان حقلي)
    Bashkir: Baҫıw bïlsäne (Баҫыу билсәне)
    Belarusian: Badziak paliavy (Бадзяк палявы)
    Bosnian: Pužući čičak
    Breton: Dreinaskol
    Bulgarian: obiknovena palamida (обикновена паламида), Polska palamida (Полска паламида)
    Catalan: Calcida, Calciga, Carsos, calsida, calsidas, calcida vera, cardet
    Corsican: Cardigliola
    Croatian: Badilj, Bodeča neža, Korienopuzni osjak, Ošljak, Poljski osjak, Stričnjak, Vrisak, Žulj
    Czech: Pchá, pcháč oset
    Danish: Ager-tidsel, Eng-Storkenæb, Fjeld-Ribs, Guld-ribs, Liden Storkenæb, Pyrenæisk Storkenæb, Russisk storkenæb, Mark tidsel
    Dutch: Akkerdistel, distel
    English: California thistle, Canada thistle, Canadian thistle, Boar thistle, Creeping thistle, Field thistle, Perennial thistle, Cally thistle, Californian thistle, 
    Estonian: Põldohakas
    Euskera: Carduba, kardulatza, kardu-latza
    Finnish: Kyläkurjenpolvi, Pihakurjenpolvi, Pyreneittenkurjenpolvi, Taikinamarja, Pelto-ohdake,
    French: Chardon des champs, Chardon du Canada, Cirse des champs, Circe des champs, sarrette des champs, Chardon des vignes, Herbe aux varices, Sarette
    Galician: Cardo cundidor, cardo hemorroidal, Feochadán reatha
    German: Acker-Kratzdistel, Ackerdistel, Feldkratzdistel
    Georgian: Tetri nari (თეთრი ნარი)
    Greek: Kírsio (κίρσιο)    
    High Aragonese: Cardo triguero
    Hungarian: Mezei aszat
    Icelandic: Þistill
    Irish: Feochadán reatha
    Israel (Hebrew): קוצן השדה
    Italian: Cardo campestre, Scardaccione, Scorpione, Stoppione, cardo emorroidale
    Japanese: Ezonokitsuneazami (エゾノキツネアザミ), seiyôtogeazami (セイヨウトゲアザミ)
    Latvian: Tīruma dadzis, tīruma usne
    Lithuanian: Dirvinė usnis
    Majorcan: Calcida, calcides, calciga, calsiga, calsigues
    Moldovian: Pelemide de-kymp (Пэлэмидэ де-кымп), Pelamida keruntu (Пэлэмидэ кэрунтэ) Pelemide syetoase (Пэлэмидэ сетоасэ)
    Netherlands: Akkervederdistel
    Norwegian: Alperips, Askerstorkenebb, Engstorkenebb, Småstorkenebb, Åkertistel
    Occitan: Caucida, Caussido
    Ossetian: Huımon sındz (Хуымон сындз)
    Persian: خارلته
    Polish: Ostrożeń polny
    Portuguese: Cardo-das-vinhas, cardo-canadense, cardinho; cardinho das almorranas; cardo-hemorroidal, cardo-rasteiro
    Romanian: Pălămidă, pălămidă căruntă, pălămidă de cîmp, pălămidă setoasă      
    Russian: Bodyak polevoy (Бодяк полевой), Bodyak sedoy (Бодяк седой), Bodyak shchetinistyy (Бодяк щетинистый), bodyak polevoy (бодяк полевой), ozot rozovyy (озот розовый)
    Serbian: Palamida (паламида), njivska palamida  (њивска пачамида)
    Slovak: Pichliač poľný
    Slovenian: Njivski osat
    South Africa: Kanadese dissel
    Spanish: Aprepuños, burrero,  cardo, cardillo,  cardo blanco,  Cardo cundidor, Cardo hemorroidal, Cardo oloroso, Ramoncillo negro, cardo condidor; cardo de las Pelotas, cardo oloroso, cardo trigal, cardo triguero, ginetes, ramoncillo oloroso, cardo borriquero, cardo canadiense, cardo de barbecho, cardo heredero, cardo negral, chupaderos, ginetes, negrillo, serrilla, cardo negro
    Swedish: Gullrips, Måbär, Ryssnäva, Skuggnäva, Sparvnäva, Pelto-ohdake, Ängsnäva, Åkertistel
    Turkish: Köygöçerten
    Ukrainian: Budyak polʹovyy (Будяк польовий), Osot polʹovyy (Осот польовий), Osot syvyy (Осот сивий),  Osot sçetinistiy (Осот щетинистий)
    Valencian: Calcida, calsida, cart calcida, lletugueta de séquia
    Walloon: Tcherdon d’ tchamp
    Welsh: Ysgallen y maes
    Western Frisian: Finnestikel
    Yugoslavia: Palamida
    Plant Growth Habit Patch forming, herbaceous, rhizomatous creeping perennial
    Growing Climates Found in both disturbed (tilled) and no-tillage agricultural fields, Arable land, roadsides, cultivated land, stream banks, ditches, lakeshores, seashores, sand dunes and other open sandy areas, in clear cuts and forest openings, and in wet and wet-mesic grasslands, prairie potholes, overgrazed pastures, meadows, fence rows, campgrounds, road building and pasture
    Soil Grows on all waterlogged, poorly aerated, and peat soils, including clay, clay loam, silt loam, sandy loam, sandy clay, sand dunes, gravel, limestone, and chalk. It also grows best on limestone soils with abundant moisture
    Plant Size 1 to 6.5 feet (0.3-2 m) tall
    Root Deep and wide-spreading root system with a slender taproot and far-creeping lateral roots
    Stem 30–150 cm, slender green, and freely branched, smooth and glabrous (having no trichomes or glaucousness), mostly without spiny wings.
    Leaf Alternate, the base sessile and clasping or shortly decurrent; leaves generally oblong in outline, margin variable from entire to deeply pinnately segmented, spiny. Leaves are 1.2 to 7 inches (3-18 cm) long and 0.2 to 2.4 inches (0.5-6 cm) wide
    Flowering season July to September
    Flower Plants are polygamo-dioecious, thus there are male and female plants
    Fruit Shape & Size Achenes are tiny, 2-3 mm (0.1 in.) long and about 1 mm (0.04 in.) in diameter, and have a white to light brown pappus attached
    Fruit Color Straw or light-brown
    Seed 0.09 to 0.2 inch (2.4-5 mm) long, and 0.04 inch (1 mm) in diameter with a pappus of feathery bristles
    Propagation By seed, root buds and rhizomes
    Season August to October

    Root and Stem

    The plant has a deep and wide-spreading root system with a slender taproot and far-creeping lateral roots. It often forms large patches, and individual clones may reach 115 feet (35 m) in diameter. Most Canada thistle roots are in the top 0.7 to 2 feet (0.2-0.6 m) of soil, but roots can extend as deep as 6.5 to 22 feet (2-6.75 m). Stems are 30–150 cm, slender green, and freely branched, smooth and glabrous (having no trichomes or glaucousness), mostly without spiny wings.

    Leaves

    Leaves are alternate on the stem with their base sessile and clasping or shortly decurrent. The leaves are very spiny, lobed, and up to 15–20 cm long and 2–3 cm broad (smaller on the upper part of the flower stem). They are dark green and lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate. They are glabrous above, but their undersides have short, white hairs. They may be pinnatifid and very prickly. Basal leaves are 5-8 in. (12-20 cm) long. Leaf characteristics are variable across different varieties and subspecies.

    Flower

    The inflorescence is 10–22 mm (0.39–0.87 in) in diameter, pink-purple, with all the florets of similar form (no division into disc and ray florets). The plants are polygamo-dioecious, thus there are male and female plants. The female inflorescences are flask-shaped, 1-1.5 cm (0.4-0.6 in.) in diameter, and 1-2 cm (0.4-0.75 in.) tall. The female flowers have a fragrance, while the male flowers do not. The male flowers are more globose in shape than the female flowers and are smaller. The flowers are usually purple in color, but can be pink or white. The plant is in bloom from June to August.

    Creeping thistle Image Gallery
    Closer-view-of-flower-of-Creeping-thistle Closer-view-of-flower-of-Creeping-thistle
    Creeping-thistle-Plant-growing-wild Creeping-thistle-Plant-growing-wild
    Flowering-head-of-Creeping-thistle Flowering-head-of-Creeping-thistle
    Flowers-of-Creeping-thistle Flowers-of-Creeping-thistle
    Fruiting-head-of-Creeping-thistle Fruiting-head-of-Creeping-thistle
    Inflorescence-of-Creeping-thistle Inflorescence-of-Creeping-thistle
    Involucre-of-Creeping-thistle Involucre-of-Creeping-thistle
    Leaves-of-Creeping-thistle Leaves-of-Creeping-thistle
    Plant-Illustration-of-Creeping-thistle Plant-Illustration-of-Creeping-thistle
    Sketch-of-Creeping-thistle Sketch-of-Creeping-thistle
    Stem-and-leaves-of-Creeping-thistle Stem-and-leaves-of-Creeping-thistle
    Stem-of-Creeping-thistle Stem-of-Creeping-thistle
    Fruit

    The fruits (achenes) are tiny, 2-3 mm (0.1 in.) long and about 1 mm (0.04 in.) in diameter, and have a white to light brown pappus attached. Seeds are 4–5 mm long, with a feathery pappus which assists in wind dispersal. One to 5 flower heads occur per branch, with plants in very favorable conditions producing up to 100 heads per shoot. Each head contains an average of 100 florets. Average seed production per plant has been estimated at 1530. More seeds are produced when male and female plants are closer together, as flowers are primarily insect-pollinated.

    Traditional uses and benefits of Creeping Thistle

    • Root is tonic, diuretic, astringent, anti-phlogistic and hepatic.
    • It has been chewed as a remedy for toothache.
    • Decoction of the roots has been used to treat worms in children.
    • Paste of the roots, combined with an equal quantity of the root paste of Amaranthus spinosus, is used in the treatment of indigestion.
    • Plant consists of a volatile alkaloid and a glycoside called cnicin, which has emetic and emmenogogue properties.
    • Leaves are anti-phlogistic.
    • They cause inflammation and have irritating properties.
    • Common thistle roots have also been used as a poultice and a decoction prepared using the plant too is used as a poultice to treat aching jaws.
    • Hot infusion prepared with the whole common thistle plant has been traditionally used to treat rheumatic joint pains.
    • Decoction prepared with the whole plant has been used internally as well as externally to heal bleeding piles.

    Culinary Uses

    • Root of first year plants can be consumed raw or cooked.
    • Nutritious but rather bland, they are best used in a mixture with other vegetables.
    • Stems are peeled and cooked like asparagus or rhubarb.
    • Leaves can be consumed raw or cooked.
    • It has fairly bland flavor, but the prickles need to be removed before the leaves can be eaten.
    • Leaves are also used to coagulate plant milks etc.

    References:

    https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=36335#null

    https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?LatinName=Cirsium+arvense

    https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/13628

    http://www.floracatalana.net/cirsium-arvense-l-scop

    https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CIAR4

    https://www.invasiveplantatlas.org/subject.html?sub=2792

    https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/forb/cirarv/all.html

    https://www.eddmaps.org/ipane/ipanespecies/herbs/cirsium_arvense.htm

    https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?100755

    http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=413

    http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/gcc-106632

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirsium_arvense

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb5410109.pdf

    http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=1F1E43F3-6AB7-4920-83D0-2F53C2D7AACA#collapse

    https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Creeping%20Thistle.html

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    Creeping thistle Scientific Classification

    Scientific Name: Cirsium arvense

    Rank Scientific Name & (Common Name)
    Kingdom Plantae (Plants)
    Subkingdom Tracheobionta (Vascular plants)
    Infrakingdom Streptophyta  (land plants)
    Super Division Spermatophyta (Seed plants)
    Division Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants)
    Sub Division Spermatophytina  (spermatophytes, seed plants, phanérogames)
    Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons)
    Sub-Class Asteridae
    Super Order Asteranae
    Order Asterales
    Family Asteraceae ⁄ Compositae (Aster family)
    Genus Cirsium Mill. (thistle)
    Species Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (Canada thistle)
    Synonyms
    • Aplotaxis cirsoides DC.
    • Aplotaxis pungens DC.
    • Breea arvensis (L.) Less.
    • Breea dioica (Cass.) Less.
    • Breea incana (S.G.Gmel.) W.A.Weber
    • Breea ochrolepidea (Juz.) Sojak
    • Breea ochrolepidia (Juz.) Soják, 1962
    • Breea praealta (Cass.) Less.
    • Carduus arvensis (L.) Robson
    • Carduus arvensis var. arvensis
    • Carduus haemorrhoidalis
    • Carduus serratuloides Neck.
    • Cephalonoplos arvense (L.) Fourr.
    • Cephalonoplos arvensis (L.) Fourr., 1869
    • Cephalonoplos arvensis var. arvensis
    • Cephalonoplos ochrolepidium (Juz.) Juz.
    • Cirsium albicans Willk.
    • Cirsium argenteum Peyer
    • Cirsium argenteum Peyer ex Vest
    • Cirsium argentum Peyer
    • Cirsium argentum Peyer ex Vest
    • Cirsium arvense f. arvense
    • Cirsium arvense f. incanum (Beck) Gajic
    • Cirsium arvense f. rubricaule Lepage, 1962
    • Cirsium arvense subsp. arvense
    • Cirsium arvense subsp. incanum (S.G.Gmel.) Iljin
    • Cirsium arvense subsp. vestitum (Wimm. & Grab.) Petr.
    • Cirsium arvense subsp. vestitum (Wimm. & Grab.) Petr. ex Arènes, 1954
    • Cirsium arvense var. argentatum (Vest.) Fioni
    • Cirsium arvense var. argenteum (Vest) Fiori
    • Cirsium arvense var. argenteum Bréb., 1869
    • Cirsium arvense var. argenteum Treuinf., 1875
    • Cirsium arvense var. decurrens Wallr., 1840
    • Cirsium arvense var. discolor Neilr., 1850
    • Cirsium arvense var. horridum Wimmer & Grab.
    • Cirsium arvense var. incanum (S.G.Gmel.) Ledeb.
    • Cirsium arvense var. incanum Beck
    • Cirsium arvense var. malhoi Giraudias, 1890
    • Cirsium arvense var. spinosissimum Neilr., 1859
    • Cirsium arvense var. tomentosum Becker, 1828
    • Cirsium arvense var. vestitum Wimmer & Grabowski
    • Cirsium benearnense Gand., 1884
    • Cirsium celakovskianum Knaf
    • Cirsium dioicum Cass.
    • Cirsium halophilum Turcz.
    • Cirsium halophilum Turcz. ex Herd.
    • Cirsium horridum (Wimm. & Grab.) Stankov
    • Cirsium incanum (S.G.Gmel.) Fisch.
    • Cirsium incanum (S.G.Gmel.) Fisch. ex M.Bieb.
    • Cirsium macrostylon Rchb.
    • Cirsium mutatum Menyh.
    • Cirsium neglectum Fisch.
    • Cirsium neglectum Fisch. ex Spreng.
    • Cirsium ochrolepideum Juz.
    • Cirsium ochrolepidium Juz.
    • Cirsium praealtum Cass.
    • Cirsium rubricaule Novopokr.
    • Cirsium ruthenicum Fisch.
    • Cirsium serratuloides Neck.
    • Cirsium setosum var. setosum
    • Cirsium sordidum Wallr.
    • Cirsium stocksii Boiss.
    • Cirsium ×rakosdense Simonk., 1904
    • Cnicus arvensis (L.) G.Gaertn. et al., 1801
    • Cnicus arvensis (L.) Hoffm.
    • Cnicus arvensis (L.) Roth, 1797
    • Cnicus arvensis f. albiflorus (R.Hoffm.) E.L.Rand & Redfield, 1894
    • Cnicus arvensis f. arvensis
    • Cnicus arvensis subsp. microstylon (Rchb.) Arcang., 1882
    • Cnicus arvensis var. arvensis
    • Cnicus candicans Wall.
    • Cnicus ruthenicus Henning
    • Cynara repens Stokes
    • Ixine arvensis (L.) Hill
    • Saussurea pungens (DC.) Sch.Bip.
    • Serratula arvensis L.
    • Serratula campestris Schweigg.
    • Serratula campestris Schweigg. ex DC.
    • Serratula complanata Schweigg.
    • Serratula incana S.G.Gmel.
    • Serratula lanata Poir.
    • Serratula spinosa Gilib.
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