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    Home»Herbs and Spices»Health benefits of Einkorn Wheat
    Herbs and Spices

    Health benefits of Einkorn Wheat

    By SylviaJanuary 26, 2022Updated:January 26, 2022No Comments11 Mins Read
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    Einkorn wheat Quick Facts
    Name: Einkorn wheat
    Scientific Name: Triticum monococcum
    Origin Caucasus, western Asia, eastern and southeastern Europe
    Shapes Fruit is caryopsis with adherent pericarp; hairy at apex. Hilum is linear.
    Health benefits Support for risk of eye disease, Reduce allergy symptoms, weight loss and prevents Type 2 diabetes.
    Einkorn wheat scientifically known as Triticum monococcum L. is a primary wild relative of cultivated Bread Wheat, Durum Wheat, Emmer Wheat, Spelt, and Sanduri wheat belonging to Poaceae / Gramineae (Grass family). The plant is native to Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia), western Asia (Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria and Turkey), eastern (Krym in Ukraine) and southeastern Europe (Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia). The wild and domesticated forms are either considered separate species, as here, or as subspecies: Triticum monococcum subsp. boeoticum (wild) and T. monococcum subsp. monococcum (domesticated). Einkorn,   Einkorn wheat, Hulled wheat, small spelt and one-grained wheat are some of the popular common names of the plant.

    Its vernacular name comes from the German Einkorn, literally ‘‘single grain’’, and refers to the presence of only one grain per spikelet. The name einkorn is used for both the wild (subsp. aegilopoides) and the cultivated (subsp.monococcum) forms. The cultivated form has larger and plumper seeds and a tougher rachis which prevents spikelets falling apart at maturity. Einkorn wheat was one of the first plants to be domesticated and cultivated. The earliest clear evidence of the domestication of einkorn dates from 10,600 to 9,900 years before present (8650 BCE to 7950 BCE) from Çayönü and Cafer Höyük, two Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic B archaeological sites in southern Turkey. Remnants of einkorn were found with the iceman mummy Ötzi, dated to 3100 BCE.

    Einkorn Wheat Facts

    Name Einkorn wheat
    Scientific Name Triticum monococcum
    Native Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia), western Asia(Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria and Turkey), eastern (Krym in Ukraine) and southeastern Europe(Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia)
    Common Names Einkorn,   Einkorn wheat,  Hulled wheat, Small spelt, one-grained wheat
    Name in Other Languages Afrikaans: Einkorn          
    Albanian: Einkorn, gruri tepa, tepe
    Amharic: Menek’ak’ati (መነቃቃት)
    Arabic: Einkorn (īnˌkôrn), Al qamhh el wahhid el hhabbah, qamh wahid alhaba  (قمح وحيد الحبة)
    Armenian: Einkorn (īnkôrn)        
    Azerbaijani: Einkorn, Təkdənli buğda     
    Bengali: Einkorn (īnˌkôrn)
    Bulgarian: Ot limets (от лимец), ednozarnest limetz (еднозърнест лимец)
    Burmese: Maingalarpar (မင်္ဂလာပါ)
    Catalan: Espelta petita
    Chinese: Einkorn (īnˌkôrn), Hitotsubu komugi (一粒小麦 ),  Yi li xiao mai
    Croatian: Einkorn, Jednozrna pšenica, jednozrni pir, jednozrnac
    Czech: Einkorn, pšenice jednozrnka
    Danish: Enkorn
    Dutch: Einkorn, Eenkoren, kleine spelt  
    English: Einkorn,   Einkorn wheat,  Hulled wheat, Small spelt, one-grained wheat
    Esperanto: Einkorn, Unugrajno
    Estonian: Einkorn, Kultuur-üheteranisu
    Filipino: Einkorn
    Finnish: Einkorn, Yksijyvävehnä, einkornvehna
    French: Einkorn, Engrain, Petit Épeautre, Petit Epeautre de Haute Provence, blé riz, blé à un grain, ingrain
    Georgian: Eink’orni (ეინკორნი)
    German: Einkorn, Einkornweizen, ingrain, Eicher, kleiner Spelz
    Greek: Einkorn (īnkôrn), Monókokko sitári (Μονόκοκκο σιτάρι), tiphe
    Gujarati: Ā ikōrna (આઇકોર્ન)
    Hausa: Einkorn 
    Hebrew: Einkorn, איינקורן, shipon
    Hindi: Einkorn
    Hungarian: Alakor          
    Icelandic: Einkorn, Einkornahveiti
    Indonesian: Einkorn      
    Irish: Einkorn    
    Italian: Faro, Farro minore, Piccola spelta, farro piccolo, spelta minore, monococco
    Japanese: Eikōn (エイコーン),    Hito tsubu komugi (ヒトツブコムギ)
    Javanese: Einkorn           
    Kannada: Einkorn
    Kazakh: Einkorn               
    Korean: Aikon (아이콘), oealmil (외알밀)
    Kurdish: Einkorn              
    Lao: Einkorn
    Latin: Einkorn   
    Latvian: Einkorns
    Lithuanian: Einkornas
    Macedonian: Einkorn
    Malagasy: Einkorn          
    Malay: Einkorn 
    Malayalam: Einkorn, aikēāṇ gēātamp (ഐകോൺ ഗോതമ്പ്)
    Maltese: Einkorn
    Marathi: Einkorn
    Mongolian: Einkorn
    Moroccan: Skaliah
    Nepali: Einkorn
    Norwegian: Einkorn       
    Oriya: Einkorn  
    Pashto: ايکنورن
    Persian: شرم آور, گندم تک‌دانه
    Polish: Einkorn, Pszenica samopsza, pszenica płaskurka,              
    Portuguese: Einkorn, Trigo-candial, escanha-menor, espelta
    Punjabi: Einkorn              
    Romanian: Alac
    Russian: Odnozernyanky (однозернянки), Odnozernjanka (Однозернянка ),  PÅ¡enica odnozernjanka (Пшеница однозернянка), Odnozernyanka (Однозернянка), zanduri (зандури), psˇenica odnozernjanka
    Serbian: Einkorn (еинкорн), jednozrnac (једнозрнац), psˇenice jednozrnka, krupnik    
    Sindhi: ڪنن
    Sinhala: Einkorn              
    Slovak: Pšenica jednozrná          
    Slovenian: Einkorn         
    Spanish: Einkorn, Escaña Menor, Espadrilla, Trigo candial, Trigo carraón, Trigo de un grano, Trigo einkorn, Trigo escaña cultivada
    Sudanese: Leuweung
    Swedish: Einkorn, Enkornsvete
    Tajik: Einkorn
    Tamil: Einkorn
    Telugu: Einkorn
    Thai: Einkorn     
    Turkish: Einkorn, Siyez, siyez, ku¨c¸u¨ k bug˘day, kaplıca bug˘dayı
    Ukrainian: Exinor (ехінор)
    Upper Sorbian: Jednozorno
    Urdu: Einkorn   
    Uzbek: Einkorn
    Vietnamese: Cây bạch quả
    Welsh: Einkorn
    Zulu: Einkorn
    Plant Growth Habit Annual plant
    Growing Climates Occurs in field margins, grasslands and on roadsides; it favours rocky places and dry areas
    Soil Can survive on poor, dry, marginal soils where other varieties of wheat will not
    Plant Size Usually less than 70 centimeters (28 in) tall
    Stem Thin, firm, hairy on the knees
    Leaf Leaf-sheath is oral hairs ciliate. Leaf-sheath is auricles falcate. Ligule has an eciliate membrane. Leaf-blades are about 2-5 mm wide. Leaf-blade surface is puberulous. Margins of Leaf-blade are smooth, or scaberulous.
    Flowering season June to July
    Flower Inflorescence is composed of racemes. Racemes are single; bilateral; 3-4 cm long. Rhachis is fragile at the nodes and flattened; glabrous on margins, or pubescent on margins. Spikelet packing broadside to rhachis. Rhachis internodes are oblong; 2-2.5 mm long; falling with spikelet above. Spikelets are solitary. Fertile spikelets are sessile. Spikelets comprise of 1-2 fertile florets; with diminished florets at the apex. Spikelets are oblong; laterally compressed; 10 mm long; falling entire; deciduous with accessory branch structures.
    Fruit Shape & Size Caryopsis with adherent pericarp; hairy at apex. Hilum is linear.
    Season August to September
    Health benefits
    • Lowers the risk of eye disease
    • Reduce allergy symptoms
    • Aids weight loss
    • Delays development and progression of Type 2 diabetes
    • Prevent the risk of diseases
    • Low in gluten
    Culinary Uses
    • Seed is usually ground into a flour and used as a cereal.
    • It is not very suitable for bread making.
    • Retains its glumes when threshed making utilization of the seed more difficult.
    • It is primarily eaten boiled in whole grains or in porridge.

    Plant Description

    Einkorn wheat is an annual plant that normally grows less than 70 centimeters (28 in) tall and is not very productive of edible seeds. The plant is found growing in field margins, grasslands and on roadsides and normally it favors rocky places and dry areas. It can survive on poor, dry, marginal soils where other varieties of wheat will not. Culm-nodes are bearded. Leaf-sheath is oral hairs ciliate. Leaf-sheath is auricles falcate. Ligule has an eciliate membrane. Leaf-blades are about 2-5 mm wide. Leaf-blade surface is puberulous. Margins of Leaf-blade are smooth, or scaberulous.

    Flower

    Inflorescence is composed of racemes. Racemes are single; bilateral; 3-4 cm long. Rhachis is fragile at the nodes and flattened; glabrous on margins, or pubescent on margins. Spikelet packing broadside to rhachis. Rhachis internodes are oblong; 2-2.5 mm long; falling with spikelet above. Spikelets are solitary. Fertile spikelets are sessile. Spikelets comprise of 1-2 fertile florets; with diminished florets at the apex. Spikelets are oblong; laterally compressed; 10 mm long; falling entire; deciduous with accessory branch structures. Glumes are similar; shorter than spikelet. Lower glume is oblong; 6-8 mm long; 1 length of upper glume; coriaceous; 2-keeled; keeled all along; 5-9 -veined. Lower glume is apex dentate; 2 -fid. Upper glume is oblong; 6-8 mm long; 0.9-1 length of adjacent fertile lemma; coriaceous; 2-keeled; keeled all along; 5-9 -veined.

    Fruits

    Fruit is caryopsis with adherent pericarp; hairy at apex. Hilum is linear.

    Immature-Einkorn-Wheat Immature-Einkorn-Wheat
    Einkorn-Wheat Einkorn-Wheat
    Leaves-of-Einkorn-wheat Leaves-of-Einkorn-wheat
    Einkorn-wheat-flour Einkorn-wheat-flour
    Mature-Einkorn-Wheat Mature-Einkorn-Wheat
    Einkorn-Wheat-grown-on-the-field Einkorn-Wheat-grown-on-the-field
    Einkorn-Wheat-with-husk Einkorn-Wheat-with-husk
    Plant-Illustration-of-Einkorn-wheat Plant-Illustration-of-Einkorn-wheat
    Sketch-of-Einkorn-wheat Sketch-of-Einkorn-wheat
    Einkorn wheat Image Gallery

    Major Health Benefits of Einkorn wheat and Flour

    Listed below are some of the popular health benefits of using einkorn wheat and flour

    1. Lowers the risk of eye disease

    Einkorn consists of dietary carotenoids, which work as antioxidants to provide relief to certain diseases including eye diseases such as macular degeneration. This was discovered after an experiment where Einkorn was observed to be increasing in carotenoid levels when sprouting, particularly when exposed to light. It’s also been exposed that there are concentrations of lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-carotene in Einkorn, which are lipophilic antioxidants that have also proven effective against eye diseases. The main function of these antioxidants is to act as a shield that absorbs the damaging effect of the light that enters the eye.

    2. Reduce allergy symptoms

    Einkorn is also known to be among the less allergic wheat varieties. This was first revealed in the Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology after research was performed on 324 different wheat varieties sourced from different parts of the world. Research focused mostly on major wheat allergens or components of gluten such as glutenin and gliadin. This was to ensure the best screening process because these allergens were known to trigger allergic reactions in patients that were tested.

    The allergens glutenin and gliadin were used as the benchmark for determining less allergenic varieties of wheat, a process which revealed Einkorn and several other wheat varieties as less allergenic. This discovery inspired the use of Einkorn and other less allergenic wheat options as mother plants for breeding to aid wheat-allergic patients with getting rid of and treating their food allergies.

    3. Aids weight loss

    Einkorn flour consists of several rich nutritional elements that are good for your body. Einkorn whole meal is rich in proteins and unsaturated fatty acids, fructans and trace elements, including zinc and iron. It also consists of several antioxidant compounds, which combined with its trace elements, can help you lose weight.

    4. Delays development and progression of Type 2 diabetes

    Einkorn flour restricts cell production that is related to glucose and fat metabolism, a process that is synonymous with the prevention or delay of diabetes development. This discovery was made after a study on ancient grains was conducted at the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine at Aarhus University Hospital in Denmark.

    Research investigated the effects of ancient wheat whole grain flour diets on the development and progression of type 2 diabetes, with focus on the glycemic responses. Also, an intervention study which involved the consumption of five different diets – emmer, rye flour, spelt, refined wheat and Einkorn was conducted over a period of nine weeks.

    The results showed a down-regulation of hepatic genes, a phenomenon in which a cell decreases the quantity of a cellular component in response to an external variable (grain). Each diet showed a remarkable effect of the decreasing of cell production relating to glucose and fat metabolism, which is equivalent to the prevention or delay of diabetes development. Based on these findings, it’s a good idea to include ancient grains and flours, Einkorn flour specifically, in your diabetes diet plan.

    5. Prevent the risk of diseases

    Einkorn flour consists of copious amounts phenolic acids. This acid is known to be responsible for protecting the body from oxidative damage and diseases through the ingestion of some plants, fruits, and vegetables. Larger quantities of carotenoids have also been found in Einkorn flour than any other modern wheat flour. All of these elements have proven effective at fighting serious diseases like coronary heart disease, stroke, and cancer.

    6. Low in gluten

    Unlike other wheat flour varieties, Einkorn flour is low in gluten and lighter in mass. This makes it easier to digest and allows better absorption of nutrients, especially recommended for those with sensitive stomachs and endurance athletes.

    Other Facts

    • The straw has many uses, as a biomass for fuel etc., for thatching, as mulch in the garden etc.
    • Fiber obtained from the stems is used for making paper.
    • Stems are harvested in late summer after the seed has been harvested; they are cut into usable pieces and soaked in clear water for 24 hours.
    • They are cooked for 2 hours in lye or soda ash and then beaten in a ball mill for 1½ hours in a ball mill.
    • Fibers make a green-tan paper.
    • The starch from the seed is used for laundering, sizing textiles etc.
    • It can also be converted to alcohol for use as a fuel.
    • It is also used for bulgur or as animal feed in mountainous areas of France, India, Italy, Morocco, the former Yugoslavia, Turkey and other countries.

    References:

    https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=42241#null

    https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=40597

    https://pfaf.org/USER/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Triticum+monococcum

    https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/117665

    http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-448821

    https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/243329

    http://www.narc.gov.jo/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=40597

    https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/TRZMO

    https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=TRMO22

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    Einkorn wheat Scientific Classification

    Scientific Name: Triticum monococcum

    Rank Scientific Name & (Common Name)
    Kingdom Plantae (Plants)
    Subkingdom Tracheobionta (Vascular plants)
    Infrakingdom Streptophyta  (land plants)
    Superdivision Spermatophyta (Seed plants)
    Division Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants)
    Sub Division Spermatophytina  (spermatophytes, seed plants, phanérogames)
    Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledons)
    Subclass Liliopsida (Monocotyledons)
    Super Order Lilianae  (monocots, monocotyledons, monocotyledons)
    Order Cyperales
    Family Poaceae / Gramineae (Grass family)
    Genus Triticum L. (wheat)
    Species Triticum monococcum L. [excluded]
    Synonyms
    • baeoticum Boiss.
    • Crithodium monococcum (L.) Á.Löve
    • Nivieria monococca (L.) Ser.
    • Triticum aegilopoides var. baeoticum (Boiss.) Percival
    • Triticum aestivum var. monococcum (L.) L.H.Bailey
    • Triticum boeoticum var. ebrahimzadehii Salimi
    • Triticum boeoticum var. helenae (Flaksb.) Filat. & Dorof.
    • Triticum monococcum subsp. baeoticum (Boiss.) Hayek
    • Triticum monococcum subsp. boeoticum (Boiss.) C.Yen
    • Triticum monococcum subsp. boeoticum (Boiss.) Á.Löve & D.Löve
    • Triticum monococcum subsp. cereale Asch. & Graebn
    • Triticum monococcum subsp. thaoudar (Hausskn.) Flaksb.
    • Triticum monococcum var. baeoticum (Boiss.) Kneuck.
    • Triticum monococcum var. boeoticum (Boiss.) Stranski
    • Triticum monococcum var. helenae Flaksb.
    • Triticum monococcum var. larinovii Flaksb.
    • Triticum monococcum var. vulgare Körn
    • Triticum sativum subsp. monococcum (L.) Voss
    • Triticum sativum var. monococcum (L.) Vilm.
    • Triticum sativum var. monococcum (L.) Voss
    • Triticum spontaneum subsp. thaouar Flaksb.
    • Triticum tenax Hausskn.
    • Triticum thaoudar (Hausskn.) Jakubz.
    • Triticum thaoudar (Hausskn.) Reut. ex Nevski
    • Triticum thaoudar Reut.
    • Triticum thaoudar Reut. ex Boiss.
    • Triticum thaoudar Reut. ex Hausskn.
    • Triticum thaoudar var. reuteri Flaksb.
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