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    Home»Herbs and Spices»Facts about Garlic Mustard
    Herbs and Spices

    Facts about Garlic Mustard

    By SylviaMarch 12, 2020Updated:March 12, 2020No Comments17 Mins Read
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    Garlic Mustard Quick Facts
    Name: Garlic Mustard
    Scientific Name: Alliaria petiolata
    Origin Europe, western and central Asia, north-western Africa, Morocco, Iberia and the British Isles
    Colors Green maturing to pale grey brown
    Shapes Erect, slender, four-sided capsule 4–5.5 cm (1.6–2.2 in) long
    Taste Very spicy somewhat like horseradish (Root)
    Health benefits Beneficial for bronchitis, asthma, eczema, gangrene, ulcers, dropsy, induce hunger, treat wounds, relieve itching
    Alliaria petiolata, or garlic mustard, is a biennial flowering plant belonging to the mustard family Brassicaceae ⁄ Cruciferae. The plant is native to Europe, western and central Asia, north-western Africa, Morocco, Iberia and the British Isles, north to northern Scandinavia, and east to northern Pakistan and Xinjiang in western China. Garlic-root, garlicwort, hedge-garlic, Jack-by-the-hedge, Jack-in-the-bush, mustard-root, penny hedge, poor-man’s-mustard, sauce-alone and garlic mustard plant are some of the popular common names of the plant. Alliaria, the genus name, means ‘of the allium family’, and is botanically incorrect; however, as a reference to the odor of these plants it seems quite suitable. The specific epithet petiolata means having petioles – stalks connecting the leaves to the main stems – as indeed the leaves of Garlic Mustard do. Garlic Mustard often grows beside hedges, which is where its alternative common name Jack-by-the-Hedge says that it belongs! All parts of the plant, including the roots, give off a strong odor like garlic.

    The common name is derived from the scent of garlic, which is noticeably exuded by its above ground plant parts, especially foliage. The leaves, flowers and fruit are edible as food for humans, and are best when young. They have a mild flavor of both garlic and mustard, and are used in salads and pesto. They were once used as medicine. Garlic Mustard is found in the Himalayas, from Kashmir to Nepal, at altitudes of 2200-3100 m.

    Garlic Mustard Facts

    Name Garlic Mustard
    Scientific Name Alliaria petiolata
    Native Europe, western and central Asia, north-western Africa, Morocco, Iberia and the British Isles, north to northern Scandinavia, and east to northern Pakistan and Xinjiang in western China
    Common Names Garlic-root, garlicwort, hedge-garlic, Jack-by-the-hedge, Jack-in-the-bush, mustard-root, poor-man’s-mustard, sauce-alone, garlic mustard plant
    Name in Other Languages Albanian: Bar hadhre, bar hudhre, barëhudhëre mjekësore
    Arabic: thawmiat mueanaqa (ثومية معنقة), samarat thawmia (سمارة ثومية)
    Armenian: Skhtorabuys deghatu (Սխտորաբույս դեղատու)
    Basque: Baratxuri-belar, apo-baratxuri, baracaiz bedarra, sorgin-baratxuri
    Belarusian: Časnočnica čarankovaja (Часночніца чаранковая)
    Bokmal: Laukurt, Løkurt
    Bulgarian: Lŭzhichina (лъжичина), lechebna lŭzhichina (лечебна лъжичина), chesnova treva (чеснова трева)
    Catalan: Allenc, alliària
    Chinese: Cōng gài shǔ (葱芥属)
    Croatian: Češnjevka, ljekovita češnjača
    Czech: Cesnáček lékařský
    Danish: Løgkarse, Almindelig Løgkarse
    Dutch: Look-zonder-look
    English: Garlic-root, garlicwort, hedge-garlic, Jack-by-the-hedge, Jack-in-the-bush, mustard-root, poor-man’s-mustard, sauce-alone, garlic mustard plant
    Esperanto: Oficina aliario
    Estonian: Salukodrik
    Finnish: Litulaukka
    French: Alliaire, Alliaire officinale, Herbe à Ail, alliaire petiole, herbe aux aulx, julienne alliaire, vélar alliaire
    Gaelic: Gàirleach-callaid
    German: Gewöhnliche Knoblauchsrauke, Knoblauchsrauke, Knoblauchhederich, Knoblauchskraut, Knoblauchrauke, Lauchhederich, Lauchkraut, gemeine Knoblauchsrauke, gemeines Lauchkraut, Knoblauchkresse, Knoblauchskresse, Lauchel
    Greek: Alliára (αλλιάρα), alliaría farmakeftikí (αλλιαρία φαρμακευτική)
    Hebrew: Ali’aryah shumit, אָלִיאַרְיָה שׁוּמִית
    Hungarian: Kányazsombor
    Irish: Bóchoinneal
    Italian: Alliaria commune, Alliaria, Erba alliaria, rimandria
    Korean: Ma neul naeng I (마늘냉이)
    Latvian: Dziedniecibas kiplocene, ārstniecības ķiplocene
    Limburgan: Look zonder look, Look zoonder look, Louk zónger louk,
    Lithuanian: Vaistinė česnakūnė, Česnakūnė
    Luxembourgish: Bloderkraut
    Netherlands: Netherlands: Look-zonder-look
    Norwegian: Laukurt
    Persian: گندنایی
    Polish: Czosnaczek Pospolity, Czosnaczek
    Portuguese: Lunaria biënnis, erva alheira, aliária, erva-dos-alhos
    Romanian: Aişoară, ustroiță pețiolată, usturoiță, vindecătoare
    Russian: Chesnochnik lekarstvennyy (Чесночник лекарственный), Chesnochnitsa chereshkovaya (Чесночница черешковая), chesnochnik chereshkovyĭ (чесночник черешковый)
    Serbian: Lukovac (луковац), obična češnjača (обична чешњача)
    Slovak: Cesnačka lekárska, rancesnak lekársky
    Slovene: Cesnovka
    Spanish: Ajera, Aliaria, hierba ajera, hierba de ajo, hierba del ajo, hoja del gañán, yerba de ajo, yerba del ajo, yerba que huele a ajos, zancaraña, Ajo mostaza, ajo mostava
    Swedish: Löktrav, Vitlöksört
    Turkish: Sarmısak out, sarımsak hardalı
    Ukrainian: Kinsʹkyy chasnyk chereshkovyy (Кінський часник черешковий), kinsʹkyy chasnyk likarsʹkyy (кінський часник лікарський)
    Walloon: A des håyes
    Welsh: Garlleg y berth
    Plant Growth Habit Established, cool-season, monocarpic, tap rooted, herbaceous biennial or occasional winter annual
    Growing Climates Grows singly in hedges, fencerows, open woods, disturbed areas, deciduous forest, oak savanna, forest edges, shaded roadsides, urban areas, riparian zones, ruderal/ disturbed, floodplain forests, along trails,  fence lines, swamps, ditches, roadsides, railway embankments
    Soil Grows on sand, loam, and clay soils, and on both limestone and sandstone substrates, and is rarely found on peat or muck soils
    Plant Size 30–100 cm (12–39 in) tall, rarely to 130 cm (51 in) tall
    Root Slender, white, taproot, with a distinctive “s” curve at the top of the root, just below the root crown
    Stem Erect and sparsely hairy and unbranched below the inflorescences. They can grow over 90 cm tall but are generally between 30 and 46 cm tall.
    Leaf Stalked, triangular through heart shaped, 10–15 cm (3.9–5.9 in) long (of which about half being the petiole) and 5–9 cm (2.0–3.5 in) broad, with coarsely toothed margins
    Flowering season April to June
    Flower Flowers are produced in spring and summer in small clusters. Each small flower has four white petals 4–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long and 2–3 mm (0.08–0.12 in) broad, arranged in a cross shape.
    Fruit Shape & Size Erect, slender, four-sided capsule 4–5.5 cm (1.6–2.2 in) long, called a silique containing two rows of small shiny black seeds which are released when a silique splits open.
    Fruit Color Green maturing to pale grey brown
    Plant Parts Used Flowers, leaves, stem, roots and seeds
    Seed Black, cylindrical about 3 mm long and 1 mm wide and transversely ridged, and range in weight from 1.62-2.84 mg
    Taste Very spicy somewhat like horseradish (Root)
    Season June to August
    Precautions
    • Garlic mustard contains traces of cyanide as well as other more common vegetables, the amount is small and considered safe for human consumption, still wouldn’t be wise eat large quantities of this plant over a long period of time.

    Plant description

    Garlic Mustard is an established, cool-season, monocarpic, tap rooted, herbaceous biennial or occasional winter annual plant that grows about 30–100 cm (12–39 in) tall, rarely to 130 cm (51 in) tall. The plant is grows singly in hedges, fence rows, open woods, disturbed areas, deciduous forest, oak savanna, forest edges, shaded roadsides, urban areas, riparian zones, ruderal/disturbed, floodplain forests, along trails,  fence lines, swamps, ditches, roadsides and railway embankments. It grows on sand, loam, and clay soils, and on both limestone and sandstone substrates, and is rarely found on peat or muck soils. The plant has a slender, white, taproot with a distinctive “s” curve at the top of the root, just below the root crown. Stems are erect and sparsely hairy and unbranched below the inflorescences. They can grow over 90 cm tall but are generally between 30 and 46 cm tall.

    Leaves

    The leaves of 1st year plants are up to 2 inches long and across. They are cordate-orbicular with margins that are dentate or wavy and their upper surface has a reticulated network of veins. The petioles of these basal leaves are rather long and slender. The alternate leaves of 2nd year plants have a similar appearance, except that they are usually longer than wide, spanning up to 3 inches long and 2 inches across. The lower and middle leaves along the stems are usually cordate with either acute or blunt tips, while the upper leaves are often ovate. Both the stems and petioles of 2nd year plants are occasionally hairy, otherwise they are glabrous like the blades of the leaves. The foliage is often light green or yellowish green in appearance, otherwise it is medium green. New leaves produce a distinct garlic odor when crushed. The fragrance fades as leaves age, and is virtually non-existent by fall.

    Flower

    Plants usually produce a single unbranched or few-branched flower stalk, although robust plants have been recorded with up to 12 separate flowering stalks. Flowers are produced in spring (usually April to May) in terminal racemes, and occasionally in short axillary racemes. Garlic mustard flowers are easy to recognize. The outside of the mustard flower has four sepals, usually green. The flower itself has four petals usually arranged in the shape of a cross. It has six stamens: four are tall and two are short. Flowers usually appear in a cluster. Each flower measures 1 to 1.5 cm across. Flowers can appear at any time throughout the growing season of year two of the plant’s growth.

    Fruit and seeds

    Fertile flowers are replaced by narrow seedpods that are called “siliques.” These seedpods are linear, 2.5 to 6.0 cm long and about 2 mm wide and are narrowly cylindrical. A single plant can produce two to over four hundred fruits (with an average of twenty-two per plant). The fruits ripen between mid-June and September. Fruits are initially green maturing to pale grey brown. Each fruit contains approximately sixteen seeds. Seeds are black, cylindrical about 3 mm long and 1 mm wide and transversely ridged, and range in weight from 1.62-2.84 mg. A single plant is capable of producing up to 8000 seeds in a single season! Seeds are contained in tan seedpods that are capable of ejecting the ripened seeds several feet away from the stem of the plant. Seeds must lay dormant for at least one year before germinating in the spring. Cold stratification is required to trigger seed germination. The seeds can remain viable in the soil for up to five years (a factor that further complicates the removal of an established garlic mustard population). Seeds can be transported great distances on boots of hikers or even on the tires of vehicles.

    Garlic Mustard Image Gallery
    Closer-view-of-flower-of-Garlic-Mustard Closer-view-of-flower-of-Garlic-Mustard
    Dried-fruits-of-Garlic-Mustard Dried-fruits-of-Garlic-Mustard
    Flowers-of-Garlic-Mustard Flowers-of-Garlic-Mustard
    Garlic-Mustard-pesto Garlic-Mustard-pesto
    Garlic-Mustard-Plant Garlic-Mustard-Plant
    Garlic-Mustard-plant-growing-wild Garlic-Mustard-plant-growing-wild
    Garlic-Mustard-Seeds Garlic-Mustard-Seeds
    Leaves-of-Garlic-Mustard Leaves-of-Garlic-Mustard
    Mature-fruit-of-Garlic-Mustard Mature-fruit-of-Garlic-Mustard
    Plant-illustration-of-Garlic-Mustard Plant-illustration-of-Garlic-Mustard
    Seed-of-Garlic-Mustard-on-the-plant Seed-of-Garlic-Mustard-on-the-plant
    Sketch-of-Garlic-Mustard Sketch-of-Garlic-Mustard
    Small-Garlic-Mustard-Plant Small-Garlic-Mustard-Plant
    Stem-of-Garlic-Mustard Stem-of-Garlic-Mustard
    Whole-Garlic-Mustard-Plant Whole-Garlic-Mustard-Plant

    Traditional uses and benefits of Garlic Mustard

    • Garlic mustard has been little used in herbal medicine.
    • Leaves and stems are anti-asthmatic, antiscorbutic, antiseptic, deobstruent, diaphoretic, vermifuge and vulnerary.
    • Leaves have been taken internally to promote sweating and to treat bronchitis, asthma and eczema.
    • Externally, they have been used as an antiseptic poultice on ulcers etc., and are effective in relieving the itching caused by bites and stings.
    • Roots are chopped up small and then heated in oil to make an ointment to rub on the chest in order to bring relief from bronchitis.
    • Juice of the plant has an inhibitory effect on Bacillus pyocyaneum and on gram-negative bacteria of the typhoid-paratyphoid-enteritis group.
    • Seeds have been used as a snuff to excite sneezing.
    • Leaves can be used as a sudorific and deobstruent when taken internally, or as an external treatment for gangrene and ulcers.
    • Leaf juices taken alone or boiled in syrup with honey were used to treat dropsy.
    • Garlic mustard was once used medicinally as a disinfectant or diuretic, and was sometimes used to treat wounds.
    • Leaves have been consumed to bring relief to congested chest and eczema.
    • For relieving skin irritations and insect bites, these leaves might be beneficial.
    • It can be used for stimulating appetite and inducing hunger which is often affected due to internal illness.
    • It can be effective for keeping respiratory problems in check.
    • Mild garlic and mustard flavor, the leaves are also believed to strengthen the digestive system.

    Culinary Uses

    • Young leaves can be consumed raw or cooked as a potherb or as a flavoring in cooked foods.
    • They can be finely chopped and added to salads.
    • Leaves are available very early in the year and provide a very acceptable flavoring for salads in the winter.
    • Flowers and young seed pods can be consumed raw.
    • Garlic mustard’s flower, leaf and young fruit are used raw or cooked both as a vegetable and for flavoring.
    • Leaves and flowers have mild aromatic taste and flavor and are used as a spice and flavoring in cooked foods.
    • Leaves are used as a winter salad vegetable and as a flavoring in cooked food.
    • Leaves of the plant just prior to flowering have higher vitamin C content than oranges and more vitamin A than spinach and the species has considerable nutritional value when used in salads.
    • Leaves give a mild garlic- mustard flavor to a dish.
    • Leaves are commonly used to flavor stews and soups and also used as a stuffing in snacks.
    • Leaves are stir-fried along with other vegetables for a healthy garlic-mustard-flavored side dish.
    • Rural people often used the plant in the preparation of sauces.

    Other Facts

    • Yellow dye is obtained from the whole plant.
    • Single plant can produce hundreds of seeds, which often scatter several meters from the parent plant.
    • The herb was also planted as a form of erosion control.
    • They can repel insects by emitting garlic like smell.

    Prevention and Control

    Due to the variable regulations around (de)registration of pesticides, your national list of registered pesticides or relevant authority should be consulted to determine which products are legally allowed for use in your country when considering chemical control. Pesticides should always be used in a lawful manner, consistent with the product’s label.

    1. Cultural Control

    The goal of any A. petiolata management program must be to prevent seed production. Because of the presence of a seed bank, whatever control method is employed, it must be continued for a period of no less than 3 years in order to eradicate the species locally. A. petiolata is not effectively controlled by grazing, and is under little to no vertebrate herbivore pressure in North America. Cavers et al. noted no grazing from white – tailed deer and only occasional consumption by cows in Ontario, Canada, resulting in an unpleasant taste to the milk.

    2. Mechanical Control

    Hand pulling is an effective approach for control, particularly with small or newly formed populations. When the plants have fastened in the second growing season, the stem may be easily grasped and pulled; roots will usually come out intact along with the stem. Because the fruit is photosynthetic, if fruit development has started, plants should not be left on site or hung from neighboring vegetation as the fruits are well known to continue to develop and dehisce even while lying on the ground, thus plants should be bagged and taken off site. Given the presence of a seed bank, repeated visits to a habitat over a number of years will be required to eradicate the plant. Likewise, cutting may provide good control, but cutting at ground level is important as plants that have been mown often respond by sending up new flowering shoots from the root crown. Nuzzo found that plants cut at ground level had 99% mortality and no seed production, whereas plants cut at a height of 10 cm had 71% mortality and seed production reduced by 98%. The use of cutting must be weighed against various factors, for example, certain other species that may be growing in association with A. petiolata such as native Trillium spp. are severely damaged by cutting.

    3. Chemical Control

    Foliar application of herbicides can be used to control A. petiolata where mechanical methods are impractical due to population size. Glyphosate, triclopyr, and mecoprop have all been used effectively to control A. petiolata, and because these herbicides are not target specific, they should be applied to A. petiolata during the dormant season where the plant is in the rosette stage and native vegetation has not yet emerged. However, biologically active temperatures are also usually required for certain herbicides to be effective. Thus, the window of time for application may be narrow. Acifluoren, bentazon and 2, 4-D is not recommended for control of A. petiolata.

    4. Biological Control

    There is currently no known biological control program in use to control A. petiolata. However, Blossey et al. indicate that they are investigating a variety of species for possible use as biological control agents. Although A. petiolata is under virtually no herbivore pressure in North American habitats, over 70 species of insect herbivores and seven fungi are associated with this plant in Europe. Many are not sufficiently host specific to use for control; five monophagous weevils and one oligophagous flea beetle are being further investigated in an effort to develop a concerted suite of attack agents for the seeds, stems, and roots.

    5. Integrated Control

    Nuzzo suggests that a suite of cutting, chemical, and fire control methods can be adopted for eradication as long as they are applied sequentially for 3 years or more to exhaust the seed bank. The use of fire as a control method for A. petiolata has been well studied, but the results are somewhat conflicting. Nuzzo found that fire reduced populations of A. petiolata and that the effect was related to fire intensity; moderate intensity fires were effective whereas low intensity fires had virtually no effect. As many prescribed fires fall into this latter category, the efficacy of fire alone to control A. petiolata is questionable, but it may be used effectively in combination with other methods. Nuzzo et al. found that A. petiolata was maintained, but in a reduced condition, in forests burned repeatedly for 5 years. However, Luken and Shea found that moderate intensity dormant season fires did nothing to reduce A. petiolata abundance, and in many plots the species actually increased in abundance relative to control plots. The use of fire as a management tool should be integrated with other management objectives given the manifold effects it has on a habitat.

    Recipes

    Garlic Mustard & Blue Cheese Pasta

    Ingredients

    • 200 g garlic mustard stems
    • 30 g butter
    • 25 g plain flour
    • 400 ml milk
    • 100 g Saint Agur blue cheese (or equivalent)
    • pasta
    • cracked black pepper

    Directions

    1. Chop the garlic mustard stems then bring a pan of water to the boil, place the stems into it and bring back to the boil, then drain and set aside.
    2. Now bring a pan of water to the boil and cook enough pasta for two people. While it is cooking…
    3. Put the butter into a small saucepan and on low heat wait until it has melted, then add the flour and cook stirring all the time for about a minute.
    4. Make sure the flour does not burn. Then remove from the heat and slowly add the milk a little at a time making sure to stir continuously.
    5. Return to the heat and keep adding splashes of milk until it has all been added and is going thick.
    6. Then simmer the sauce for a further minute, and when done add the crumbled/chopped blue cheese, and stir until melted into the sauce.
    7. Mix together the garlic mustard stems pasta and sauce and serve.

    Garlic Mustard & Cow Parsley Sauce

    Ingredients

    • 50 g garlic mustard tips (shredded & chopped )
    • 400 g vine-ripened cherry tomatoes (chopped)
    • 1 red chili (chopped)
    • 50 g cow parsley shoots & buds
    • 1 banana (chopped)
    • 1 tbs. honey
    • 2 tbs. tomato purée
    • 30 g Parmesan cheese
    • 3 tbs. oil/butter

    Directions

    1. Heat oil and add the chili and garlic mustard tips, and cook on medium for 3 minutes.
    2. Add the cherry tomatoes, banana, tomato purée & honey. Mix ingredients and simmer on low for 30 minutes.
    3. Add chopped cow parsley, parmesan cheese, then put a lid on the saucepan, remove it from the heat and leave for 20 minutes.
    4. Cook some spaghetti, and when done serve with the garlic mustard sauce.

    Garlic Mustard Vichyssoise

    Ingredients

    • 75 g butter
    • 1 onion, chopped
    • 75 g three cornered garlic stems
    • 800 ml water
    • 1 large potato, peeled, diced and rinsed
    • Salt and freshly ground black pepper
    • 75 g Jack by the hedge/garlic mustard
    • 75 g goat’s cheese
    • 75 ml milk for foam
    • Pinch cumin
    • Pinch white pepper

    Directions

    1. In a heavy bottomed pan add water and potatoes and a good pinch of salt and boil until potatoes are soft. Remove from the heat and set aside.
    2. Melt the butter in a medium saucepan. Add the onion and cook until softened. Pour over the boiled potatoes and water.
    3. Blitz in food processor until smooth. Add water if required to the correct consistency. Pass through a sieve.
    4. Chill in the fridge. Check seasoning.
    5. Blanch jack by the hedge for 10 seconds in salted boiling water and refresh in ice water.
    6. Add jack by the hedge and blitz again until smooth.
    7. Then add the three cornered garlic blitz until smooth, check for seasoning again.
    8. Serve with some crumbled goats cheese, frothed milk, a pinch of cumin, some crispy fried nettle dusted with white pepper and a three corned garlic flower

    References:

    https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=184481#null

    https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?LatinName=Alliaria+petiolata

    https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/3941

    https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=ALPE4

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliaria_petiolata

    https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=2210

    https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/forb/allpet/all.html

    https://www.invasive.org/browse/subinfo.cfm?sub=3005

    https://www.conservemc.org/images/documents/USDA-Garlic-Mustard-Article.pdf

    http://tn-grin.nat.tn/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=2210

    http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=406

    http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2628680

    https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Garlic%20Mustard.html

    https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/ALAPE

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    Garlic Mustard Scientific Classification

    Scientific Name: Alliaria petiolata

    Rank Scientific Name & (Common Name)
    Kingdom Plantae (Plants)
    Subkingdom Tracheobionta (Vascular plants)
    Infrakingdom Streptophyta  (land plants)
    Super Division Spermatophyta (Seed plants)
    Division Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants)
    Sub Division Spermatophytina  (spermatophytes, seed plants, phanérogames)
    Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons)
    Sub Class Dilleniidae
    Super Order Rosanae
    Order Capparales
    Family Brassicaceae ⁄ Cruciferae (Mustard family)
    Genus Alliaria Heist. ex Fabr. (alliaria)
    Species Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande (garlic mustard)
    Synonyms
    • Alliaria aculeolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
    • Alliaria alboi Sennen, 1926
    • Alliaria alliacea Britten & Rendle
    • Alliaria alliaria (L.) Britton
    • Alliaria alliaria (Linnaeus) Huth
    • Alliaria fuchsii Rupr
    • Alliaria mathioli Rupr
    • Alliaria officinalis Andrz
    • Alliaria officinalis Andrz. ex M.Bieb
    • Alliaria officinalis Andrzejowski ex de Candolle
    • Arabis alliaria Bernh
    • Arabis petiolata M.Bieb
    • Clypeola alliacea Crantz
    • Crucifera alliaria (Linnaeus) E.H.L.Krause
    • Erysimum alliaceum Salisb
    • Erysimum alliaria L
    • Erysimum cordifolium Pall
    • Erysimum cordifolium Stokes, 1812
    • Hesperis alliaria (Linnaeus) Lamarck
    • Sisymbrium alliaceum Salisb
    • Sisymbrium alliaria (L.) Scop
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