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    Home»Herbs and Spices»Facts about Lily Turf
    Herbs and Spices

    Facts about Lily Turf

    By SylviaNovember 29, 2021Updated:November 30, 2021No Comments9 Mins Read
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    Lily turf Quick Facts
    Name: Lily turf
    Scientific Name: Liriope muscari
    Origin Vietnam, Taiwan, China, Japan, and Korea
    Colors Green when young turning to blue ripening to black purple
    Shapes Spherical, berrylike drupes 0.2 to 0.3 inch (6 to 8 mm) wide
    Health benefits Support for coughs, fevers, dysentery, asthma, bronchial and lung inflammation
    Liriope muscari commonly known as Lily turf is a species of flowering plant belonging to Asparagaceae (asparagus) family. The plant is native to Vietnam, Taiwan, China, Japan, and Korea. It is invasive to North America and considered a threat to native wildlife. Common names in English include big blue lilyturf, Lilyturf, Border Grass, Blue Lilyturf, Liriope, monkey grass, Spider Grass and Border grass. It is a rather well known perennial plant by gardening enthusiasts around the world. Common name of lily turf recognizes the plant’s turf-like growing habit. It is not a grass and was previously place in the lily family but is now placed in the asparagus family. Another common name is border grass. Though it may resemble an ornamental grass it is not a true grass. Genus name honors a Greek woodland nymph, Liriope, the mother of Narcissus. Specific epithet means with flowers resemble grape hyacinth (Muscari). It is harvested from the wild for local use as a food, medicine and source of materials.

    Lily Turf Facts

    Name Lily turf
    Scientific Name Liriope muscari
    Native Vietnam, Taiwan, China, Japan, and Korea
    Common Names Lilyturf, Big blue lilyturf, Border Grass, Blue Lilyturf, Liriope, monkey grass, Spider Grass, Border grass
    Name in Other Languages Afrikaans: Lilyturf           
    Albanian: Lilyturf            
    Amharic: Līlīwiteri (ሊሊውተር)
    Arabic: Lilyturf, liryubiat muskaria (ليريوبية موسكارية)
    Armenian: Shushan (շուշան)
    Azerbaijani: Lilyturf
    Bengali: Lilyturf               
    Bulgarian: Liriopi (лириопи)      
    Burmese: Naypyitaw (နေပြည်တော်)
    Chinese: Cǎopíng (草坪), kuo ye shan mai dong (阔叶山麦冬)
    Croatian: Lilyturf             
    Czech: Lilyturf   
    Danish: Lilyturf 
    Dutch: Lilyturf, leliegras
    English: Lilyturf, Big blue Lilyturf, border grass, monkey grass
    Esperanto: Lililio
    Estonian: Lilyturf
    Filipino: Lilyturf               
    Finnish: Lilyturf, Liriope
    French: Lilyturf, liriope muscari 
    Georgian: Lilit’urpi (ლილიტურფი)     
    German: Lilienrasen, Lilientraube, Traubenlilie
    Greek: Lílyrf (Λίλυρφ)
    Gujarati: Lilīṭarpha (લિલીટર્ફ)     
    Hausa: Lilyturf  
    Hebrew: לילית  
    Hindi: Lilyturf   
    Hungarian: Lilyturf         
    Icelandic: Lilyturf            
    Indonesian: Bunga bakung
    Irish: Lilyturf      
    Italian: Lilyturf, liriope   
    Japanese: Rirītāfu (リリーターフ),  yabu-ran (ヤブラン)
    Javanese: Lilyturf            
    Kannada: Liliṭarph (ಲಿಲಿಟರ್ಫ್)
    Kazakh: Liliturf (лилитурф)
    Korean: Baeghab (백합), maegmundong (맥문동), maek mun don
    Kurdish: Lilyturf               
    Lao: Lilyturf
    Latin: Lilyturf
    Latvian: Lilyturf
    Lithuanian: Lilyturf         
    Macedonian: Liliturf (лилитурф)
    Malagasy: Lilyturf
    Malay: Lilyturf
    Malayalam: Lilliṟṟarph (ലില്ലിറ്റർഫ്)
    Maltese: Lilyturf              
    Marathi: Lileetarph (लिलीटर्फ)
    Mongolian: Liliurf (лилиурф)
    Nepali: Lileetarph (लिलीटर्फ)
    Norwegian: Lilyturf
    Oriya: ଲିଲିଟର୍ଫ୍ |
    Pashto: لیلیټرف
    Persian: لیلیتورف     
    Polish: Lilyturf, liriope szafirkowata                        
    Portuguese: Lilyturf, Barba-de-serpente, Liriopes, Liríopes-verde, Ofiopogo-azul
    Punjabi: Lilyturf               
    Romanian: Lilyturf
    Russian: Lilyturf                , liriope muskari (лириопе мускари)
    Serbian: Lilyturf (лилитурф)
    Sindhi: لليٽرف
    Sinhala: Liliṭarf (ලිලිටර්ෆ්)
    Slovenian: Lilyturf
    Spanish: Lilyturf, liriope, serpentine
    Sudanese: Lilyturf
    Swedish: Lilyturf, Mörk druvlilja
    Tajik: Lilyturf     
    Tamil: Liliṭṭarḥp (லிலிட்டர்ஃப்)
    Telugu: Lilyturf
    Thai: Lilyturf      
    Turkish: Lilyturf
    Ukrainian: Lilyturf (лілітурф)     
    Urdu: للیٹرف
    Uzbek: Lilyturf  
    Vietnamese: Lướt ván
    Welsh: Lilyturf 
    Zulu: Lilyturf
    Plant Growth Habit Small, broadleaf evergreen, clump-forming, herbaceous perennial plant
    Growing Climates Forests, bamboo forests, scrub, shady and moist places in ravines and on slopes
    Soil Tolerates a wide range of soils and soil conditions, but it doesn’t like constantly wet or boggy soil
    Plant Size 30–45 cm (12–18 in) tall
    Root The roots sometimes have a fleshy, tuberous part near their tip
    Leaf Leaves are tufted, numerous, ensiform, 45 to 70 centimeters long, and 0.3 to 0.8 centimeters wide
    Flowering season July-August
    Flower Multiple slender flower stalks, 15 to 14 inches (6 to 36 cm) tall, with the terminal 1.5 to 4.5 inches (4 to 12 cm) having spaced clusters of tiny lavender or violet (to white) flowers, with yellow centers, opening at different times above the leaves in late summer
    Fruit Shape & Size Spherical, berrylike drupes 0.2 to 0.3 inch (6 to 8 mm) wide
    Fruit Color Green when young turning to blue ripening to black purple
    Seed Blackish purple at maturity, globose, 6-7 mm in diameter
    Plant Parts Used Root
    Propagation By division of the clumps or by seed
    Season August to February
    Types
    • Big Blue lily-turf (Liriope muscari ‘Big Blue’)
    • Majestic lily-turf (Liriope muscari ‘Majestic’)
    • Monroe’s White lily-turf (Liriope muscari ‘Monroe’s White’)
    • Royal Purple lily-turf (Liriope muscari ‘Royal Purple’)
    • Silvery Sunproof lily-turf (Liriope muscari ‘Silvery Sunproof’)

    Plant Description

    Lily turf is a small, broadleaf evergreen, clump-forming, herbaceous perennial plant that normally grows about 30–45 cm (12–18 in) tall. The plant is found growing in forests, bamboo forests, scrub, shady and moist places in ravines and on slopes. It tolerates a wide range of soils and soil conditions, but it doesn’t like constantly wet or boggy soil. Roots are fibrous, often with terminal tubers. Grass like tufts of initially interconnected plants lack a central stem, except for the flower/fruit stalks. The plant has clumps of strap-like, arching, glossy, dark green leaves (to 1″ wide). Clumps slowly expand by short stolons, but do not spread aggressively like Liriope spicata.

    Leaves

    Grass like but fleshier, radiating from the soil surface in expanding tufted groups, 2.5 to 7 inches (6 to 18 cm) long and 0.1 inch (2 mm) wide on new plants, up to 18 inches (45 cm) long and 0.4 inch (1 cm) wide on mature plants, widest at the middle and tapering to a blunt tip. Multiple lengthwise, parallel veins with a distinctly indented mid vein and slightly thickened, very finely serrated margins. It is glossy green being somewhat lighter beneath with whitish bases. Variegated varieties appear less aggressive. Leaf tips turn brown and die back in winter. New leaves grow from the base in spring.

    Leaf arrangement Most emerge from the soil, usually without

    a stem

    Leaf type Simple
    Leaf margin Entire
    Leaf shape Linear
    Leaf venation Parallel
    Leaf type and persistence Evergreen
    Leaf blade length 12 to 18 inches
    Leaf color Variegated
    Fall color No fall color change
    Fall characteristic Not showy

     

    Flowers

    Multiple slender flower stalks, 15 to 14 inches (6 to 36 cm) tall, with the terminal 1.5 to 4.5 inches (4 to 12 cm) having spaced clusters of tiny lavender or violet (to white) flowers, with yellow centers, opening at different times above the leaves in late summer. Tepals are purple or lilac-purple, elliptic-oblong, 3.5-4 mm long and 1.5-1.8 mm wide.  Flowering normally occurs in between July-August.

    Flower color Lilac, purple
    Flower characteristic Summer flowering

     

    Fruits-of-Lily-turf Fruits-of-Lily-turf
    Flowers-of-Lily-turf Flowers-of-Lily-turf
    Lily-Turf-farming Lily-Turf-farming
    Leaves-of-Lily-turf Leaves-of-Lily-turf
    Lily-turf-Plant Lily-turf-Plant
    Lily-turf-plant-growing-wild Lily-turf-plant-growing-wild
    Plant-illustration-of-Lily-turf Plant-illustration-of-Lily-turf
    Seeds-of-Lily-turf Seeds-of-Lily-turf
    Sketch-of-Lily-Turf Sketch-of-Lily-Turf
    Lily turf Image Gallery

    Fruit and seeds

    Fertile flowers are followed by spherical, green, berrylike drupes turn blue ripening to black purple, 0.2 to 0.3 inch (6 to 8 mm) wide. Fruit has a grapelike skin and little to no pulp and contain a single spherical dark seed.

    Fruit shape Round
    Fruit length Less than .5 inch
    Fruit cover Fleshy
    Fruit color Black
    Fruit characteristic Showy

     

    Cultivars

    Listed below are some of the well-known cultivars of Lily turf

    Big Blue lily-turf (Liriope muscari ‘Big Blue’)

    It grows 12 to 18 inches tall and wide. It produces lavender to blue flowers. Although the hardiness zone is 5-10, it may need to be in a protected area in northern areas of zone 5.

    Majestic lily-turf (Liriope muscari ‘Majestic’)

    This cultivar grows 12 to 15 inches tall and wide. Its flowers are deep lavender to violet. Although the hardiness zone is 5-10, it may need to be in a protected area in northern areas of zone 5.

    Monroe’s White lily-turf (Liriope muscari ‘Monroe’s White’)

    It grows 14 to 18 inches tall and wide and produces white flowers. Although the hardiness zone is 5-10, it may need to be in a protected area in northern areas of zone 5.

    Royal Purple lily-turf (Liriope muscari ‘Royal Purple’)

    This cultivar grows 12 to 18 inches tall and wide and produces deep purple flowers. Although the hardiness zone is 5-10, it may need to be in a protected area in northern areas of zone 5.

    Silvery Sunproof lily-turf (Liriope muscari ‘Silvery Sunproof’)

    This has green leaves with cream-colored edges that grow nine to 15 inches tall and wide. Although the hardiness zone is 5-10, it may need to be in a protected area in northern areas of zone 5.

    Traditional uses and benefits of Lilyturf

    • Candied tubers can be eaten as tonic and aphrodisiac.
    • In China, decoction of tubers is used to fortify the lungs, for coughs, fevers and dysentery.
    • In Chinese traditional medicine, it is used for asthma, bronchial and lung inflammation.
    • It is also used as tonic to moisten yin.
    • The root is anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, aphrodisiac, pectoral and stimulant.
    • It is used as a tonic in Korea to increase stamina and also as an expectorant.

    Other facts

    • The roots, which often have fleshy tubers near their tip, are used in traditional Chinese medicine.
    • It is a good drought tolerant evergreen ground cover plant.
    • Plants should be spaced about 30 cm apart each way.

    References:

    http://www.hear.org/pier/species/liriope_muscari.htm

    https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/115335

    https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=l100

    https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=503501#null

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liriope_muscari

    http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-280317

    http://www.stuartxchange.com/Lilyturf.html

    https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?latinname=Liriope+muscari

    https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/LRIMU

    http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Lily%20Turf.html

    http://hort.ufl.edu/shrubs/LIRMUSA.PDF

    https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=LIMU6

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    Lily turf Scientific Classification

    Scientific Name: Liriope muscari

    Rank Scientific Name & (Common Name)
    Kingdom Plantae (Plants)
    Subkingdom Tracheobionta (Vascular plants)
    Infrakingdom Streptophyta  (land plants)
    Superdivision Spermatophyta (Seed plants)
    Division Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants)
    Sub Division Spermatophytina  (spermatophytes, seed plants, phanérogames)
    Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledons)
    Subclass Liliidae
    Super Order Lilianae  (monocots, monocotyledons, monocotyledons)
    Order Asparagales
    Family Asparagaceae
    Sub Family Nolinoideae
    Genus Liriope Lour. (Lilyturf)
    Species Liriope muscari (Decne.) L.H. Bailey (big blue Lilyturf)
    Synonyms
    • Liriope exiliflora (L.H.Bailey) H.H.Hume
    • Liriope gigantea H.H.Hume
    • Liriope graminifolia subsp. albiflora Makino
    • Liriope graminifolia subsp. densifolia Maxim.
    • Liriope graminifolia subsp. densifolia Maxim. ex Baker
    • Liriope graminifolia subsp. latifolia Makino
    • Liriope graminifolia subsp. praealba Makino
    • Liriope graminifolia subsp. variegata (L.H.Bailey) Makino
    • Liriope graminifolia var. albiflora Makino
    • Liriope graminifolia var. communis (Maxim.) Matsum.
    • Liriope graminifolia var. densiflora Maxim.
    • Liriope graminifolia var. densiflora Maxim. ex Baker
    • Liriope graminifolia var. densifolia Maxim.
    • Liriope graminifolia var. densifolia Maxim. ex Baker
    • Liriope graminifolia var. latifolia Makino
    • Liriope graminifolia var. praealba Makino
    • Liriope graminifolia var. variegata (L.H.Bailey) Makino
    • Liriope muscari f. albiflora (Makino) Nemoto
    • Liriope muscari f. exiliflora (L.H.Bailey) H.Hara
    • Liriope muscari f. latifolia (Makino) H.Hara
    • Liriope muscari f. praealba (Makino) Nemoto
    • Liriope muscari f. variegata (L.H.Bailey) H.Hara
    • Liriope muscari subsp. albiflora (Makino) Nemoto
    • Liriope muscari subsp. communis (Maxim.) Nakai
    • Liriope muscari subsp. exiliflora (L.H.Bailey) H.Hara
    • Liriope muscari subsp. latifolia (Makino) H.Hara
    • Liriope muscari subsp. praealba (Makino) Nemoto
    • Liriope muscari subsp. variegata L.H.Bailey
    • Liriope muscari var. communis (Maxim.) Nakai
    • Liriope muscari var. communis (Maxim.) P.S.Hsu & L.C.Li
    • Liriope muscari var. exiliflora L.H.Bailey
    • Liriope muscari var. variegata L.H.Bailey
    • Liriope platyphylla F.T.Wang & Tang
    • Liriope platyphylla f. albiflora (Makino) Honda
    • Liriope platyphylla f. variegata (L.H.Bailey) Ishii & Hosaka
    • Liriope platyphylla subsp. albiflora (Makino) Honda
    • Liriope platyphylla subsp. variegata (L.H.Bailey) Ishii & Hosaka
    • Liriope platyphylla var. albiflora (Makino) Honda
    • Liriope spicata subsp. densiflora (Maxim. ex Baker) C.H.Wright
    • Liriope spicata subsp. latifolia Franch.
    • Liriope spicata var. densiflora (Maxim. ex Baker) C.H.Wright
    • Liriope spicata var. densifolia (Maxim. ex Baker) C.H.Wright
    • Liriope spicata var. latifolia Franch.
    • Liriope yingdeensis R.H.Miao
    • Ophiopogon muscari Decne.
    • Ophiopogon spicatus subsp. communis Maxim.
    • Ophiopogon spicatus var. communis Maxim.
    • Ophiopogon spicatus var. kunthianus Maxim.
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