Gamma-linolenic acid or GLA is a fatty acid which is primarily in vegetable oils. When acting on GLA, Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase generates no leukotrienes and conversion by enzyme of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes is inhibited. It is a fatty acid which is found in various plant seed oils such as evening primrose oil and borage oil. It is used for conditions which affect skin which includes systemic sclerosis, eczema and psoriasis. It is used for high cholesterol, polyps in mouth, rheumatoid arthritis, metabolic syndrome, heart disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and chronic fatigue syndrome. History First, GLA was isolated from the…
Author: Emily
Linolelaidic acid is an omega-6 trans fatty acid and a geometric isomer of linoleic acid. It is present in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. It encompasses 12.39% of the fats from the fruit of the durian species called Durio graveolens. It is a colorless or white viscous liquid. Trans fatty acids are classified as conjugated and nonconjugated, corresponding usually to structural elements CH=CH-CH=CH- and -CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-, respectively. Elaidic acid and linolelaidic acid respresent nonconjugated TFAs. Nonconjugated TFAs are represented by elaidic acid and linolelaidic acid. Its presence is associated to heart diseases. Food Sources Food name Weight (g) Linolelaidic acid (g) Black…
Cervonic acid is an omega-3 fatty acid which is basic structural component of human brain, skin, cerebral cortex and retina. It is named as 22:6(n-3) in physiological literature. It could be synthesized from alpha-linolenic acid or directly obtained from fish oil, maternal milk or algae oil. Its structure is carboxylic acid having 22 carbon chain and 6 cis double bonds with first double bond placed at the third carbon from omega end. DHA is manufactured commercially from microalgae: Crypthecodinium cohnii and another of the genus Schizochytrium. DHA manufactured with microalgae is vegetarian. In strict herbivores, DHA is internally manufactured from…
Clupanodonic acid also known as Docosapentaenoic acid is an essential omega-3 fatty acid which is common in fish oils. It is an intermediary between eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Seal oil is rich in this metabolite. There are 3 functions of Clupanodonic acid. Generally, it is a component of phospholipids present in all animal cell membranes and deficiency of Clupanodonic acid results to faulty membranes being formed. It also involved in transport or oxidation of cholesterol and clupanodonic acid contributes to reduce plasma cholesterol. It is a precursor of prostanoids which forms only from clupanodonic acid. Clupanodonic acid designates any…
Arachidonic acid abbreviated as AA and ARA is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid 20:4(ω-6) or 20:4. Structurally, it is related to saturated arachidic acid present in cupuacu butter. This acid is unsaturated and essential fatty acid which is found in human and animal fat and also in brain, liver and glandular organs. It is a constituent of animal phosphatides. It has four cis double bonds which are the sources of flexibility and provides capacity to react with molecular oxygen. It is developed by synthesis from dietary linoleic acid. Arachidonic acid is the precursor to a number of eicosanoids (e.g., prostaglandins,…
Stearidonic acid is an ω-3 fatty acid which is sometimes known as moroctic acid. It is biosynthesized from alpha-linolenic acid by an enzyme delta-6-desaturase. The natural sources to obtain this fatty acid are blackcurrant, seed oils of hemp, corn gromwell and echium. This acid is present in in dietary plant oils that metabolized to longer chain and more unsaturated (n-3) PUFA. It could be used as a precursor to promote EPA content of human lipids and those consolidation of gamma-linolenic acid & stearidonic acid eicosapentaenoic acid could be used to manipulate compositions of fatty acid of lipid in profound ways.…
α-Linolenic acid (ALA) is an n−3 fatty acid used to produce longer ω-3 fatty acids, namely docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). It is two essential fatty acids so called because they are crucial for health and could not be formed within human body. It should be obtained through diet. In terms of structure, it is called all-cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid. In physiological literature, it is recorded by its lipid number, 18:3, and (n−3); its isomer GLA is 18:3 (n−6). It is a carboxylic acid having with an 18-carbon chain and 3 cis double bonds. The first double bond is discovered…
Linoleic acid is called an omega-6 fatty acid because its double bonds appear after the sixth carbon in the chain. The major omega-6 fatty acid in the diet is linoleic acid. This acid is found in vegetable and nut oils, such as safflower, sunflower, soy, corn, and peanut oil. In scientific terms, linoleic acid is a nutrient from the carbonyl functional group which comprises of two double bonds at the 9th and 12th carbons. As humans are not able to incorporate a double bond beyond the 9th carbon of the fatty acid, so it could not be synthesized naturally and must be…
Nervonic acid is a long chain unsaturated fatty acid and a monounsaturated analog of lignoceric acid. It is also called cis-15-tetracosenoic acid and selacholeic acid. It composes of choline, phosphoric acid, sphingosine, and fatty acid. It is found as an elongation product of oleic acid and its immediate precursor is being erucic acid. Particularly it is abundant in white matter of animal brains and in peripheral nervous tissues where nervonyl sphingolipids are embellished in myelin sheath of nerve fibers. It is a critical member of cerebrosides group which are fatty acids of glycophingolipids group, an important component of muscles and…
Erucic acid, a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid marked as 22:1ω9, is found in the oil-rich seeds of the Brassicaceae family of plants notably rapeseed and mustard. It has formula CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)11COOH. The name is derived from Latin word eruca which means arucola or garden rocket. It is common in wallflower seed with a content of 20 to 54% in high erucic acid rapeseed oil, and 42% in mustard oil. This acid is also known as cis-13-docosenoic acid and trans isomer is called brassidic acid. Though natural forms of mustard and rapeseed contain high erucic acid levels (over 40% of total fatty…