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    Home»Fruits»Facts about Siberian Crabapple
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    Facts about Siberian Crabapple

    By SylviaApril 3, 2022Updated:April 3, 2022No Comments8 Mins Read
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    Siberian crabapple scientifically known as Malus baccata is an Asian species of apple belonging to the rose family (Rosaceae). The plant is native to Russia, Mongolia, China, Korea, Bhutan, India, Kashmir and Nepal. The tree is found in Japan, and it has also been introduced to Europe and to North America, where it is found in the wild mostly in the Great Lakes Region and in the Northeastern United States. It is also grown elsewhere as an ornamental tree and for rootstock. It is used for bonsai as well. Some of the popular common names of the plant are Siberian crab apple, Siberian crab, Chinese Crab Apple, Flowering crabapple, Chinese Crab and Manchurian crab apple. Genus name from Latin is an ancient name for apple. Specific epithet from Latin means berry-like.

    The plant is cultivated for its fruit, timber (which is used for smokehouse kindling and firewood) and also for medicinal uses (it is a treatment for dysentery and diarrhea and is also a source of the antibiotic, phloretin); it is also used in ornamental landscaping, as a shade tree and as a farmstead windbreak. It has been used as graft stock and to confer cold tolerance and Podaspaere leucotrica resistance into apple. Malus baccata is known to be a widespread species.

    Siberian Crabapple Facts

    Siberian crabapple Quick Facts
    Name: Siberian crabapple
    Scientific Name: Malus baccata
    Origin Russia, Mongolia, China, Korea, Bhutan, India and Nepal
    Colors Initially green turning to red to yellow as they mature
    Shapes Spherical, only about 1 cm (0.4 in) in diameter; they form dense clusters and resemble cherries from a distance
    Taste Very astringent, tart taste
    Health benefits Support for headaches, dysentery, diarrhea and many other ailments.
    Name Siberian crabapple
    Scientific Name Malus baccata
    Native Russia, Mongolia, China, Korea, Bhutan, India and Nepal. The tree is found in Japan, and it has also been introduced to Europe and to North America, where it is found in the wild mostly in the Great Lakes Region and in the Northeastern United States.
    Common Names Siberian crab apple, Siberian crab, Chinese Crab Apple, Flowering crabapple, Chinese Crab, Manchurian crab apple
    Name in Other Languages Arabic: Tufaah tuti  (تفاح توتي)
    Azerbaijani: Giləmeyvəli alma
    Bulgarian: yagodova yabŭlka (ягодова ябълка), yagodoplodna yabŭlka (ягодоплодна яблълка)
    Chinese: Lin qin zi,   Shan jing zi (山荆子), Shan jiang zi
    Croatian: Sibirska jabuka
    Czech: Jabloň drobnoplodá
    Danish:  Bæræble, Bær-Æble
    Dutch: Kersappelboom
    English: Siberian crab apple, Siberian crab, Chinese Crab Apple, Flowering crabapple, Chinese Crab
    Estonian: Ida-mariõunapuu
    Finnish: Marjaomena, Marjaomenapuu.
    French: Pommier de Sibérie, Pommier sibérien, Pommier à baies, pommier microcarpe de Sibérie, pommier à petits fruits
    German: Beeren-Apfel, Kirschapfel, Beerenapfelbaum, Kirschapfelbaum, sibirischer Wildapfel, Osagedorn
    Hindi:   Ban mehal, Mailas baikāṭā (मैलस् बैकाटा)
    Hungarian: Bogyós díszalma, Malus baccata       
    Italian: Melo di Siberia
    Japanese: Siberya koringo, Shiberiaringo (シベリアリンゴ)
    Korean: Yag wang na mu (야광나무)
    Lao: Malus baccata
    Latvian: Og
    Malayalam: Mālas bakkāṭṭa (മാലസ് ബക്കാട്ട)
    Nepali: Koma, Kumbulin
    Netherlands: Appelboom, kers
    Norwegian: Bæreple, Småeple
    Persian: مالوس باکاتا
    Polish: Jabłoń jagodowa
    Russian:  Yablonya yagodnaya (Яблоня ягодная), Iablonia sibirskaia, Âblonâ âgognaâ, Âblonâ Sibirskaâ, yablonya Pallasa (яблоня Палласа), yablonya sibirskaya (яблоня сибирская), yablonya khamardabanskaya (яблоня хамардабанская), yablonya yagodnaya (яблоня ягодная)
    Slovak: Jabloň malvičkatá Slovakian:  Jabloň malvičkatá
    Spanish: Manzano
    Swedish: Bärapel
    Turkish: Sibirya çiçek elması
    Ukrainian: Yablunya yahidna (Яблуня ягідна), yablunya pallasa (яблуня палласа), yablunya sybirsʹka (яблуня сибірська )
    Vietnamese: Táo dại Siberi
    Plant Growth Habit Upright, deciduous, broad-rounded, flowering crabapple tree
    Growing Climates Open forested areas, Mixed forests on slopes, among shrubs in valleys, Mesic thickets and riparian zones
    Soil Succeeds in most fertile soils including heavy ones, preferring a moisture retentive well-drained loamy soil. Prefers a sunny position but succeeds in partial shade
    Plant Size Usually grows 5 – 10 metres tall, sometimes reaching 14 metres. The short bole can be up to 30cm in diameter
    Branchlets Branchlets reddish brown, glabrous
    Buds Reddish brown, ovoid, scales tomentose at margin
    Leaf Elliptic or egg-shaped, 3-8 cm (1.18 –3.15 in) long and 2- 3.5 cm (0.79–1.38 in) wide. It is very slightly hairy when young, base cuneate or rounded apex acuminate and margin serrate
    Flowering season April to May
    Flower Pedicels are slender and 1.5–4 cm (0.59–1.57 in) long. They bear white fragrant flowers of 3–3.5 cm (1.2–1.4 in) in diameter which groups by 4–6. Petals are white and egg-shaped, approximately 2–2.5 cm (0.79–0.98 in) long
    Fruit Shape & Size Spherical, only about 1 cm (0.4 in) in diameter; they form dense clusters and resemble cherries from a distance
    Fruit Color Initially green turning to red to yellow as they mature
    Varieties
    • Columnar Siberian Crabapple (Malus baccata ‘Columnaris’)
    • Manchurian Crabapple (Malus baccata var. mandshurica)
    • Midwest Crabapple (M. baccata var. mandshurica ‘Midwest’)
    Propagation By seed
    Taste Very astringent, tart taste
    Lifepan Around 30–40 years
    Season September–October

    Plant Description

    Siberian crabapple is an upright, deciduous, broad-rounded, flowering crabapple tree with arching or pendulous branches forming a rounded, wide-spreading canopy. The tree usually grows 5 – 10 meters tall, sometimes reaching 14 meters. The short bole can be up to 30 cm in diameter. The plant is found growing in open forested areas, mixed forests on slopes, among shrubs in valleys, mesic thickets and riparian zones. The plant succeeds in most fertile soils including heavy ones, preferring a moisture retentive well-drained loamy soil. It prefers a sunny position but succeeds in partial shade. The plant has arching or overhanging red-brown branches and red-brown buds.

    Leaves

    Leaves are elliptic or egg-shaped, 3-8 cm (1.18 –3.15 in) long and 2- 3.5 cm (0.79–1.38 in) wide. It is very slightly hairy when young, base cuneate or rounded apex acuminate and margin serrate. Petioles are 2–5 cm (0.8–2.0 in) long, with few glands and fine hairs. No appreciable fall color, with early fall leaf drop common.

    Bud Arrangement Alternate
    Bud Color Reddish-brown, with several imbricate scales
    Bud Size 1/8 to 1/4 inch long.
    Leaf Type and Shape Simple, elliptical
    Leaf Venation pinnate, brachidodrome
    Leaf Margins Finely-serrate to irregularly-toothed or lobed
    Leaf Surface Essentially glabrous
    Leaf Length 1 to 3¼ inches
    Leaf Width 1 to 2½ inches
    Leaf Color Dark or olive-green above, paler green beneath; yellow fall color.
    Fall Color Yellow
    Fall Characteristics Not showy

     

    Flower

    Pedicels are slender and 1.5–4 cm (0.59–1.57 in) long. They bear white fragrant flowers of 3–3.5 cm (1.2–1.4 in) in diameter which groups by 4–6. Petals are white and egg-shaped, approximately 2–2.5 cm (0.79–0.98 in) long. Flowering normally takes place in between April to May.

    Flower Type Umbel or corymb-like racemes
    Flower Color White
    Fruit Type  A 1/4 to 1/3 inch (pea-sized) pome with deciduous calyx
    Fruit Color Yellow, often with reddish blush
    Fruit Characteristics Attracts squirrels/mammals; showy; fruit/leaves not a litter problem

     

    Fruit

    Fertile flowers are followed by tiny red or yellow spherical crabapples which ripen in fall. They are only about 1 cm (0.4 in) in diameter; they form dense clusters and resemble cherries from a distance. Small ones may be yellow, often with a reddish blush, or a glossy red. Small ones may stay on the tree all through the winter. Larger ones may also be pale yellow with bright red flushes, sometimes with a blue bloom. Fruit is edible for humans. Birds are attracted to the fruit.

    Flowers-of-Siberian-crabapple Closer-view-of-Flowers-of-Siberian-crabapple Immature-Fruits-of-Siberian-crabapple Leaves-of-Siberian-crabapple Bark-of-Siberian-crabapple-tree Seeds-of-Siberian-crabapple Mature-Fruits-of-Siberian-crabapple Plant-illustration-of-Siberian-crabapple Sketch-of-Siberian-crabapple Trunk-of-Siberian-crabapple-tree Siberian-crabapple-Recipe Siberian-crabapple-tree
    [Show thumbnails]

    Traditional uses and benefits of Siberian Crabapple

    • The paste of the fruit is applied to the forehead to relieve headaches.
    • The plant is used in a treatment for dysentery and diarrhea and also a source of the antibiotic, phloretin.

    Culinary Uses

    • Fruit can be consumed raw or cooked.
    • It is often dried for winter use and also makes an excellent jelly.
    • They make excellent jelly, jam, and sauce, and have traditionally been used in cider.

    Other Facts

    • The plant can be used as a rootstock for apple cultivars.
    • It produces a vigorous tree that has more cold tolerance and disease resistance.
    • It is commonly used as stock to graft Malus pumila and M. asiatica in N and NE China.
    • It is a dynamic accumulator gathering minerals or nutrients from the soil and storing them in a more bioavailable form – used as fertilizer or to improve mulch.
    • Trees can produce fruit in 4 years from seed.
    • Malus baccata is used as ornament for its flowers and fruit.
    • The timber is used for smokehouse kindling and firewood.
    • The wood has been used for making a wide range of items, including furniture, mallet heads, umbrella handles, cog wheels, pianos, tools etc., and also for turnery.

    Precautions

    • In small quantities, hydrogen cyanide has been shown to stimulate respiration and improve digestion, it is also claimed to be of benefit in the treatment of cancer.
    • In larger concentrations, however, cyanide can cause gasping, weakness, excitement, pupil dilation, spasms, convulsions, coma and respiratory failure leading to death.

    References:

    http://www.theplantlist.net/tpl1.1/record/rjp-5766

    https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=25256#null

    https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=23219

    https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Malus+baccata

    https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=286425

    https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/malus/baccata/

    https://biodiversity.bt/species/show/1128

    https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:726243-1

    http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200010898

    https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/MABBA

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malus_baccata

    https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/ST397

    https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/31947

    http://temperate.theferns.info/plant/Malus+baccata

    https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=MABA

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    Siberian crabapple Scientific Classification

    Scientific Name: Malus baccata

    Rank Scientific Name & (Common Name)
    Kingdom Plantae (Plants)
    Subkingdom Tracheobionta (Vascular plants)
    Infrakingdom Streptophyta  (land plants)
    Superdivision Spermatophyta (Seed plants)
    Division Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants)
    Subdivision Spermatophytina  (spermatophytes, seed plants, phanérogames)
    Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons)
    Subclass Rosidae
    Superorder Rosanae
    Order Rosales
    Family Rosaceae (Rose family)
    Genus Malus Mill. (apple)
    Species Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. (Siberian crab apple)
    Synonyms
    • Crataegus pomifera Georgi
    • Crataegus riparia Salisb.
    • Malus baccata Borckh.
    • Malus baccata f. latifolia (Regel) M. Kitagawa
    • Malus baccata var. sibirica (Maxim.) C.K. Schneid.
    • Malus chamardabanica V. Vartapetjan & L. Solovjeva
    • Malus pallasiana Juz.
    • Malus prunifolia Steud.
    • Malus rubicunda M. Roem.
    • Malus sibirica Borkh.
    • Pyrus baccata L.
    • Pyrus baccata Pall.
    • Pyrus microcarpa Wendl. ex C. Koch
    • Pyrus rubicunda Hoffmanns.
    • Pyrus sphaerocarpa Wender.
    • Pyrus tartarica Hort.
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